【正文】 .......................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 緒 論 ............................................................................................................... 1 第 2 章 方案設(shè)計(jì)與論證 ............................................................................................. 2 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng) .................................................................................................... 2 檢測(cè)系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................................ 3 行車(chē)起始、終點(diǎn)及光線檢測(cè) ...................................................................... 3 行車(chē)距離檢測(cè) .............................................................................................. 8 顯示電路 ............................................................................................................ 9 系統(tǒng)原理圖 ........................................................................................................ 9 第 3 章 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................... 11 80C51 單片機(jī)硬件結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................... 11 最小應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 12 時(shí)鐘電路 .................................................................................................... 13 復(fù)位電路 .................................................................................................... 13 前向通道設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 14 前向通道的含義 ........................................................................................ 14 前向通道的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................ 15 后向通道設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 17 脈寬調(diào)制原理 ............................................................................................ 19 邏輯延時(shí)環(huán)節(jié) ............................................................................................ 19 電源的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 20 顯示電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 20 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明 ....................................................................................... 23 主程序設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................... 23 顯示子程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................... 27 避障子程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................... 28 軟件抗干擾技術(shù) .............................................................................................. 29 數(shù)字濾波技術(shù) ............................................................................................ 29 開(kāi)關(guān)量的軟件抗干擾技術(shù) ........................................................................ 30 指令冗余技術(shù) ............................................................................................ 31 軟件陷阱技術(shù) ............................................................................................ 31 “看門(mén)狗 ”技術(shù) .................................................................................................... 32 可編程邏輯器件 ............................................................................................... 33 第 5 章 結(jié) 論 ............................................................................................................. 35 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................... 36 IV 致 謝 ........................................................................................................................... 37 附錄 A 程序清單 ....................................................................................................... 38 附錄 B 硬件原理圖 ................................................................................................... 47 沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 1 第 1 章 緒 論 隨著汽車(chē)工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，關(guān)于汽車(chē)的研究也就越來(lái)越受人關(guān)注。本系統(tǒng)以設(shè)計(jì)題目的要求為目的，采用 80C51 單片機(jī)為控制核心，利用超聲波傳感器檢測(cè)道路上的障礙，控制電動(dòng)小汽車(chē)的自動(dòng)避障，快慢速行駛，以及自動(dòng)停車(chē)，并可以自動(dòng)記錄時(shí)間、里程和速度，自動(dòng)尋跡和尋光功能。這里介紹 的是如何用 80C51 單片機(jī)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)工程學(xué)院的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，該設(shè)計(jì)是結(jié)合科研項(xiàng)目而確定的設(shè)計(jì)類(lèi)課題。 采用的技術(shù)主要有： (1)通過(guò)編程來(lái)控制小車(chē)的速度； (2)傳感器的有效應(yīng)用； (3)新型顯示芯片 的采用 . 關(guān)鍵詞： 80C51 單片機(jī)；光電檢測(cè)器； PWM 調(diào)速；電動(dòng)小車(chē) II Abstract 80C51 is a 8 bit single chip puter. Its easily using and multifunction suffer large users. This article introduces the Institute of project of shenyang university?s design with the 80C51 single chip puter. This design bines with scientific research object. This system regards the request of the topic, adopting 80C51 for controlling core, super sonic sensor for test the hinder. It can run in a high and a low speed or stop automatically. It also can record the time, distance and the speed or searching light and mark automatically the electric circuit construction of whole system is simple, the function is dependable. Experiment test result satisfy the request, this text emphasizes introduced the hardware system designs and the result analyze. The adoption of technique as: (1)Reduce the speed by program the engine； (2)Efficient application of the sensor。本題目是結(jié)合科研項(xiàng)目而確定的設(shè)計(jì)類(lèi)課題。本設(shè)計(jì)采用 MCS51 系列中的 80C51 單片機(jī)。新一代的單片機(jī)的最主要的 技術(shù)特點(diǎn)是向外部接口電路擴(kuò)展，以實(shí)現(xiàn) Microputer 完善的控制功能為己任，將一些外部接口功能單元如 A/D﹑ PWM﹑ PCA(可編程計(jì)數(shù)器陣列 )﹑ WDT(監(jiān)視定時(shí)器 )﹑高速 I/O 口﹑計(jì)數(shù)器的捕獲 /比較邏輯等。尤其是在足球機(jī)器人研究方面具有很好的發(fā)展前景；在考古方面也應(yīng)用到 了超聲波傳感器進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng) 方案一：串電阻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。 旋 轉(zhuǎn)變流系統(tǒng)由交流發(fā)電機(jī)拖動(dòng)直流電動(dòng)機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)變