【正文】 北京化工大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文研究生學(xué)位論文題 目 磁性殼聚糖空心微球的制備 學(xué) 位 論 文 原 創(chuàng) 性 聲 明本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的學(xué)位論文，是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的作品成果。對(duì)本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式表明。本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。學(xué)位論文作者簽名： 年 月 日59PC/ABS合金相容性與韌性的研究摘要 PC/ABS合金是一種性能優(yōu)良的復(fù)合材料，被廣泛應(yīng)用于電子電器外殼件。由于手機(jī)類電器外殼趨向于超薄、超輕，其所用PC/ABS合金材料要求具有良好的力學(xué)性能和較高的性價(jià)比。然而PC、ABS有限的相容性，影響了PC/ABS共混材料的力學(xué)性能，改善PC/ABS復(fù)合體系中微團(tuán)間相容性有利于提高復(fù)合材料的整體力學(xué)性能。ABSgMAH與PC、ABS經(jīng)雙螺桿擠出機(jī)反應(yīng)共混，制備了PC/ABS復(fù)合材料。 KJ/；，%。力學(xué)性能提高表明馬來酸酐接枝ABS提高了PC/ABS共混體系的相容性。適量相容劑的作用不僅使復(fù)合材料的韌性得到提高，同時(shí)增強(qiáng)了材料的拉伸性能。EVA與PC、 ABS共混制備了PC/ABS/彈性體復(fù)合材料。對(duì)復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能研究表明，添加5份彈性體EVA顯著增加了PC/ABS合金的抗沖擊性能，%。經(jīng)共混EVA在PC/~，且彈性核在樹脂基體中分散均勻，大小均一。分散在樹脂中的EVA主要以銀紋化增韌基體樹脂，即通過自身構(gòu)象改變來吸收和分散沖擊能量，將受到的點(diǎn)應(yīng)力分散為整個(gè)彈性球表面的面應(yīng)力，引起合金中微觀區(qū)域大面積微開裂，從而提高了PC/ABS合金的抗沖擊性能。EVAgMAH對(duì)PC/ABS兼具增容增韌作用。對(duì)共混制得的復(fù)合材料研究表明，彈性體的添加顯著增加了PC/ABS合金的抗沖擊效果，%。復(fù)合材料的低溫橫斷面SEM分析顯示，且在樹脂基體中的分散均勻，大小均一，微團(tuán)間相容程度得到提高。分散在樹脂中的彈性體基質(zhì)EVA通過自身構(gòu)象改變來吸收和分散沖擊能量，協(xié)同MAH官能團(tuán)的反應(yīng)增容作用，達(dá)到增韌PC/ABS合金的效果。EVAgMAH的添加增大了PC/ABS合金的加工扭矩。納米碳酸鈣直接填充PC/ABS合金沒有增韌效果。經(jīng)甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯雙單體聚合包覆的納米碳酸鈣形成了核殼結(jié)構(gòu)增韌復(fù)合微粒。在雙螺桿擠出機(jī)中采用二次擠出法制備出PC/ABS/納米碳酸鈣復(fù)合材料。研究納米碳酸鈣復(fù)合微粒對(duì)PC/ABS合金力學(xué)性能的影響表明：添加7份雙單體聚合改性的納米碳酸鈣微粒將PC/ KJ/；2份改性納米碳酸鈣對(duì)材料的拉伸強(qiáng)度有一定程度的提高。利用納米顆粒的小尺寸效應(yīng)和剛性，其在合金體微觀區(qū)域內(nèi)將受到的點(diǎn)應(yīng)力分散為顆粒表面應(yīng)力，引起周圍樹脂大面積微開裂，通過剪切流動(dòng)起到增韌PC/ABS合金的作用。納米CaCO3復(fù)合微粒具有無機(jī)納米顆粒和彈性體雙重協(xié)同增韌的作用，其表面的聚合物分子鏈與基體樹脂起到嵌段增容作用同時(shí)提高了顆粒的分散效果。這種新型增韌劑用量少，成本較低，為PC/ABS合金性能的提高提供了一個(gè)較好的選擇。關(guān)鍵詞：PC/ABS合金，反應(yīng)型相容劑，增韌，納米碳酸鈣，力學(xué)性能STUDY ON MISCIBILITY AND TOUGHENESS OF PC/ABS ALLOYSABSTRACT PC(polycarbonate)/ABS(acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene) alloy is an important engineering thermoplastics, distinguished by its versatile bination of good mechanical. PC/ABS is one of the host polymers monly used in the cover of the portable consumer electronic devices. As far as PC/ABS for the PCPC (plastic cell phone cover), it is well mechanical performance bining with specimen very thin and light and expanding the mercial opportunities. Because of PC/ABS is multiphase blend requiring some form of patibilization to obtain useful properties。 however, the relatively limited interaction between PC and ABS apparently makes it impossible in this case to produce mercially useful materials without any patibilizer. Thus, a patibilization scheme that deals with the blend morphology development of patibilized PC/ABS blends and the mechanical properties of these materials. It would be useful and perhaps would expand the mercial opportunities for PC/ABS alloys.ABSgMAH was melting blended with polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene polymer (ABS) using a doubleextruder, and PC/ABS posite was prepared. On the basis of the mechanism of maleic anhydride (MAH) of ABSgMAH, the patibilizing, tensile and impact property modifications of PC/ABS alloy by using MAH as reactive patibilizers were studied. Materials’ notched impact strength improves from KJ/m2 to , but also on tensile strength of PC/ABS alloy.PC/ABS/EVA posite was prepared by EVA blending with PC and ABS. The investigations of the mechanical properties showed the singlenotched impact strength of PC/ABS alloys by adding 5 shares of elastomer was markedly improved. When the elasticcore was μm and the elastomer dispersed uniformly in the resin blend the notched impact strength reached the highest KJ/m2 which increased by %. EVA dispersed in the resin, absorbed and dispersed impact stress by its shape changing, so crazing of EVA toughens PC/ABS alloys.EVAgMAH, the patibilizing and toughening, was melting blended with polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS), and the PC/ABS/elastomer posite material was prepared. The investigations of the mechanical properties show a markedly improvement on the singlenotched impact strength of PC/ABS blends by adding elastomer. The notched impact strength of PC/ABS blends reaches the maximum , and the patibilizing is increased. EVA in the EVAgMAH dispersed in resin, absorbs and disperses impact strength by its shape changing, so toughening the PC/ABS blends with crazing and patibilizing of MAH. The torque of PC/ABS blend is improved by adding elastomer.There is no toughening effect by Nanocalcium carbonate (CaCO3) filling with PC/ABS. Nanocalcium carbonate/polymer posite particles were prepared by soapless emulsion polymerization of methylmethacrylate (PMMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) on the surface of nanoCaCO3 in nanoCaCO3 aqueous suspension. The effects of posite particles on the mechanical properties of PC/ABS blends through twice extruding in double extruders were studied. The results showed that the singlenotched impact strength of PC/ABS blends is improved from KJ/m2 to , and the tensile strength is improved by filling 2 shares of modified nanoCaCO3 particles. NanoCaCO3 posite particles have double toughening effects of inorganic nanoparticles and rubbers. Shear yielding of modified nanoCaCO3 could be the mainly toughening contribution. Toughening mechanism is that the nanoCaCO3 particle decentralises the part point tension into all round surface. The dispersion degree of CaCO3 particles in the blends is improved when filling the posite particles. The addition amount of the NanoCaCO3 posite particles was low, and the cost was acceptable, offering a good choice of the modification of PC/ABS alloy.KEY WORDS: PC/ABS alloy, reactive patibilizer, toughening, nanoCaCO3, mechanical properties目 錄摘要 IABSTRACT III目 錄 VII符號(hào)說明 XI第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 1 前言 1 PC/ABS合金的發(fā)展及研究現(xiàn)狀 1 PC/ABS合金的國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 1 PC/ABS合金的國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 2 PC/ABS合金相容性研究的進(jìn)展 2 PC、ABS共混的研究 3 PC/ABS合金的增容改性 4 PC/ABS合金增韌改性的研究 6 ABS對(duì)PC組分的增韌改性 7 有機(jī)彈性體對(duì)PC/ABS的增韌研究 7 納米無機(jī)顆粒填充增韌PC/ABS的研究 8 本文研究的研究?jī)?nèi)容、目的和意義 11第二章 PC/ABS合金制備及其力學(xué)性能研究的基本方法 12 引言 12 PC/ABS合金的制備 12 PC/ABS合金體系的確定： 12 PC/ABS合金制備工藝 13 PC/ABS合金制備和檢測(cè)常用原料及設(shè)備 13 PC/ABS合金力學(xué)性能的測(cè)試方法 15 合金拉伸性能的測(cè)試 15 合金彎曲