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耐磨涂層碩士學(xué)位論文(已修改)

2025-07-04 18:49 本頁面
 

【正文】 山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文目 錄摘 要 IABSTRACT III第一章 緒 論 1 選題的意義 1 耐磨涂層的制備技術(shù) 2 化學(xué)氣相沉積 2 物理氣相沉積 2 耐磨涂層的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5 硬涂層 5 軟涂層 7 硬軟復(fù)合涂層 9 耐磨涂層的作用機(jī)理和影響因素 9 刀具磨損的原因 9 耐磨涂層的作用機(jī)理 9 影響涂層刀具性能的因素 10 本課題的背景和由來 11 本課題的研究內(nèi)容 11第二章 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法及原理 13 磁控濺射離子鍍原理與設(shè)備 13 磁控濺射離子鍍原理 13 磁控濺射離子鍍偏置基體的伏安特性 13 封閉場非平衡磁控濺射離子鍍設(shè)備 15 涂層試樣的制備 16 基體材料的選取與基體預(yù)處理 16 涂層沉積工藝設(shè)計(jì) 16 涂層性能測試 19 涂層厚度的測量 19 涂層硬度的測試 19 涂層附著性的測試 20 涂層摩擦性能的測試 21 涂層成分及組織結(jié)構(gòu)分析 22第三章 多元氮化物涂層的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能研究 23 多元氮化物涂層的性能測試結(jié)果 23 多元氮化物涂層的厚度 23 多元氮化物涂層的硬度 23 多元氮化物涂層的附著性 23 多元氮化物涂層的成分及組織結(jié)構(gòu) 26 多元氮化物涂層的成分 26 多元氮化物涂層的XRD分析 28 多元氮化物涂層的TEM分析 30 討論分析 32 本章小結(jié) 34第四章 MoS2Ti涂層 35 MoS2Ti涂層的性能測試結(jié)果 35 MoS2Ti涂層的硬度 35 MoS2Ti涂層的附著性 35 MoS2Ti涂層的摩擦性能 37 MoS2Ti涂層的成分及組織結(jié)構(gòu) 38 討論分析 40 多元氮化物+MoS2HTi復(fù)合涂層的附著性及分析 40 本章小結(jié) 42第五章 涂層的工業(yè)應(yīng)用 43 涂層在汽車生產(chǎn)業(yè)的應(yīng)用 43 涂層在鋁合金加工業(yè)的應(yīng)用 44 涂層在不銹鋼加工業(yè)的應(yīng)用 47 涂層工業(yè)應(yīng)用的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益 48 涂層工業(yè)應(yīng)用的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 48 涂層工業(yè)應(yīng)用的社會效益 49 本章小結(jié) 50第六章 結(jié) 論 51 結(jié)論 51 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) 51參考文獻(xiàn) 52致 謝 57攻讀學(xué)位期間發(fā)表的論文 58IV摘 要涂層技術(shù)是提高刀具性能的重要手段。為了獲得性能優(yōu)良的刀具涂層,本文對多元氮化物涂層和MoS2Ti涂層的進(jìn)行了制備和研究,并在實(shí)際工業(yè)應(yīng)用中對涂層的使用性能進(jìn)行了測試,試圖找到不同涂層的適用范圍。采用封閉場非平衡磁控濺射離子鍍技術(shù)制備了TiAlN、CrTiAlN、CrSiN多元氮化物涂層、MoS2Ti涂層以及多元氮化物+MoS2Ti復(fù)合涂層。通過引入中間過渡層的方法來提高涂層與基體的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度。測試了涂層的硬度、附著性和摩擦性能,研究了涂層的成分和組織結(jié)構(gòu)與其硬度、附著性和摩擦性能的關(guān)系。并把研制的涂層應(yīng)用于多種刀具上,加工結(jié)構(gòu)鋼、鋁合金和不銹鋼零件。TiAlN、CrTiAlN、CrSiN多元氮化物涂層的硬度都大于2000 HV,其中CrSiN涂層的硬度達(dá)到2730 HV。劃痕試驗(yàn)表明,涂層與基體的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度高,TiAlN涂層的臨界載荷Lc=58 N,CrTiAlN和CrSiN涂層的臨界載荷Lc>60 N。CrTiAlN和CrSiN涂層具有優(yōu)良的綜合性能。在基體與多元氮化物涂層之間加入Ti/TiN或Cr/CrN中間過渡層大大提高了涂層的附著性, Cr/CrN中間過渡層的效果更好。MoS2Ti涂層具有類似非晶的結(jié)構(gòu),共沉積的鈦原子間隙固溶于相鄰的硫原子層之間,涂層的無序度隨鈦含量的升高而增大。MoS2Ti涂層具有優(yōu)異的附著性,臨界載荷Lc>100 N。MoS2Ti涂層的硬度隨鈦含量的升高而提高,MoS2HTi涂層的硬度為980 HV,比MoS2涂層的硬度550 HV高將近一倍。在大氣環(huán)境中的球盤磨損試驗(yàn)顯示,MoS2HTi涂層的耐磨性比MoS2涂層好,1017 m3N1m1。MoS2Ti涂層的摩擦系數(shù)隨鈦含量的升高而稍微增大,并且高載荷下摩擦系數(shù)較小。,保持了MoS2涂層低摩擦的特性。MoS2Ti涂層不僅與高速鋼基體具有優(yōu)異的結(jié)合性,還能與多元氮化物涂層形成很好的結(jié)合,多元氮化物+MoS2Ti復(fù)合涂層也具有優(yōu)良的附著性。研制的多種涂層在多家企業(yè)選擇了多種刀具進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn),針對不同切削加工條件,特別是難加工材料,調(diào)整涂層成分、結(jié)構(gòu),優(yōu)化涂層種類和工藝,使工具使用壽命提高了1~9倍,被加工零件表面精度也明顯提高,達(dá)到了國內(nèi)外同類產(chǎn)品的先進(jìn)水平,具有很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益。關(guān)鍵詞:磁控濺射離子鍍,CrTiAlN,CrSiN,MoS2,涂層刀具 ABSTRACTCoating technique is an important means to improve performance of cutting tools. For preparation of coatings with excellent properties, multiponent nitride (MCN) coatings and MoS2Ti posite coatings were prepared and investigated in this thesis. And performances of these coatings were tested in practical industrial application, attempting to discover the better applicable cases of various coatings.TiAlN, CrTiAlN, CrSiN multiponent nitride coatings, MoS2Ti coatings and MCN+MoS2Ti posite coatings are prepared by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering ion plating. Incorporating interlayer and transition layer in order to improve the adhesion strength of the coatings. The effects of coating position and texture on coating hardness, adhesion and tribological properties were investigated. Various tools coated with the different coatings were applied to cutting constructional steel, aluminum alloy and stainless steel parts.All hardness of the MCN coatings is higher than 2000 HV. The hardness of CrSiN coating reaches to 2730 HV. Scratch tests indicated that the MCN coatings have good adhesion. Critical load (Lc) of the TiAlN coating is 58 N. Critical load (Lc) of the CrTiAlN and CrSiN coatings are high than 60 N. The CrTiAlN and CrSiN coatings have good mechanical properties. Incorporating Ti/TiN or Cr/CrN interlayer and transition layer can greatly improve adhesion of the MCN coatings, and the Cr/CrN interlayer has better effect.The MoS2Ti coatings are quasiamorphous structure. Codeposition titanium atom is in the space between the sulfur planes forming an interstitial solid solution of Ti in MoS2. Disorder of the coatings enhance with the increase of Ti content. The MoS2Ti coatings have excellent adhesion (Lc>100 N). The hardness enhance with Ti content increasing. The hardness of the MoS2HTi coating is 980 HV, about twice of that of the MoS2 coating (550 HV). Pin on disc tests in atmosphere showed that the MoS2HTi coating is more wear resistant than the MoS2 coating. The specific wear rate of the MoS2HTi coating is 1017 m3N1m1. The friction coefficients of the MoS2Ti coatings slightly increase with the Ti content increasing, and the friction coefficients are lower on higher load. The friction coefficient of the MoS2HTi coating is lower than , retaining the low friction character of the MoS2 coating.The MoS2Ti coatings have excellent adhesion strength not only with high speed steel substrate, but also with multiponent nitride coatings. So the MCN+MoS2Ti posite coatings have good adhesion too.Various tools were coated with the different coatings for field test in several factories. For different cutting conditions especially for materials hard to cut, adjusting the coatings position and structure and optimizing the kinds and deposition process. These coatings are proving successfully to increasing the lifetimes of cutting tools by 1~9 times. And the surface qualities of the machined parts are also obviously improved. The industrial applications of the coatings have good economic and social benefits.Keywords: magnetron sputtering ion plating, CrTiAlN, CrSiN, MoS2, coated tools山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文第一章 緒 論 選題的意義切削加工是金屬材料最基本的成型方法之一,在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中起著舉足輕重的作用,而刀具是保證切削加工順利進(jìn)行的關(guān)鍵。隨著機(jī)械制造業(yè)對高生產(chǎn)率、高質(zhì)量、低成本和縮短產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期的追求,高速切削、干切削和硬切削等新型切削工藝已成為當(dāng)前切削技術(shù)發(fā)展的主流。同時,各種高強(qiáng)度、高硬度、耐腐蝕和耐高溫的工程材料愈來愈多地被采用,它們中多數(shù)屬于難加工材料,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)目前難加工材料已占工件的40%以上[1]。這些新型切削工藝和難加工材料對刀具性能提出了更高的要求,理想的刀具不但應(yīng)具有高硬度、高耐磨性和高溫穩(wěn)定性,而且應(yīng)具有足夠的強(qiáng)度和韌性。單一材料很難滿足這些性能要求,這就促進(jìn)了復(fù)合刀具材料的發(fā)展,為刀具涂層技術(shù)的開發(fā)研究和推廣應(yīng)用提供了契機(jī)。涂層刀具是在韌性較好的刀具基體上制備一層或多層耐磨涂層,使刀具既有較高的韌性,又有很高的硬度和耐磨性。常用的耐磨涂層可分為兩大類:硬涂層和軟涂層。硬涂層包括:金剛石、類金剛石碳(DLC)、立方氮化硼(cBN)、TiN、TiC、CrN、TiCN、TiAlN、TiBAl2O3等,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是硬度高,耐磨性好。軟涂層包括:MoSWS六方氮化硼(hBN)等,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是摩擦系數(shù)小,抗粘著磨損性能良好,這類涂層又稱為自潤滑涂層。涂層技術(shù)可以使刀具獲得優(yōu)良的綜合機(jī)械性能,延長刀具使用壽命,允許使用更高的切削速度,從而提高加工效率和加工精度,降低加工成本。隨著化學(xué)氣相沉積(CVD)和物理氣相沉積(PVD)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,刀具涂層工藝越來越成熟,涂層技術(shù)已成為提高刀具性能的重要手段。為滿足現(xiàn)代機(jī)械加工對高效率、高精度、高可靠性的要求,世界各國制造業(yè)對涂層技術(shù)的發(fā)展及其在刀具制造中的應(yīng)用日益重視。我國的刀具涂層技術(shù)經(jīng)過多年發(fā)展,目前正處于關(guān)鍵時期,現(xiàn)有技術(shù)已不
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