基于mems地震儀的天然地震信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)碩士學(xué)位論文(已修改)
2025-07-01 18:43 本頁面
【正文】 中國(guó)石油大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文(申請(qǐng)工學(xué)碩士學(xué)位)基于MEMS地震儀的天然地震信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)學(xué)科專業(yè)： 信號(hào)與信息處理培養(yǎng)方向： 信號(hào)的檢測(cè)與處理The Development of Seismic Signals AcquisitionSystem Based on MEMS SeismometerThesis Submitted toChina University of Petroleumin partial fulfillment of the requirementfor the degree of Master of Science EngineeringbyMA Qiufang(Signal and Information Processing)Tutor:Professor MA XigengProfessor ZHOU YaoqiApril,2007 基于MEMS地震儀的天然地震信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)摘 要檢測(cè)和分析地震信號(hào)可以幫助人類認(rèn)識(shí)地球構(gòu)造，預(yù)測(cè)地震自然災(zāi)害。由于地震信號(hào)的頻率很低且能量非常微弱，所以難以準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)，因此有必要設(shè)計(jì)一款高性能的地震信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)。本文針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)地震儀體積大、頻帶窄的缺點(diǎn)，提出了基于MEMS技術(shù)的三分量地震儀的設(shè)計(jì)方案。使用低頻響應(yīng)好、靈敏度高的MEMS加速度傳感芯片1221x002感測(cè)地震信號(hào)，并設(shè)計(jì)放大、濾波、去直流分量等信號(hào)調(diào)理電路對(duì)傳感信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理，提高信噪比。再將整個(gè)檢測(cè)電路進(jìn)行合理裝配和調(diào)試，研制出三分量地震儀。為了構(gòu)成高精度數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)，還選擇24位高分辨率數(shù)據(jù)采集器DT9820采集地震信號(hào)，并設(shè)計(jì)配套的數(shù)據(jù)采集處理軟件。數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件使用Visual C++編程，軟件的主要功能包括數(shù)據(jù)采集、曲線繪制、PSN文件存儲(chǔ)和FFT頻譜分析等。在設(shè)計(jì)中，著重分析了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵，提出了降低功耗、提高抗干擾能力等硬件優(yōu)化措施和合理分配緩沖區(qū)、運(yùn)用WINDOWS消息響應(yīng)機(jī)制、合理組織軟件各功能模塊、采用GPS授時(shí)器授時(shí)等軟件措施。通過這些措施提高了系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)性和可靠性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行高精度實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集和信號(hào)分析，輸出的數(shù)據(jù)和專業(yè)分析軟件WinQuake兼容，且應(yīng)用軟件界面友好、穩(wěn)定可靠，達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。關(guān)鍵詞：MEMS地震儀，數(shù)據(jù)采集，DT9820，PSN數(shù)據(jù)格式 The Development of Seismic Signals Acquisition SystemBased on MEMS SeismometerMA Qiufang(Signal and Information Processing)Directed by Professor MA Xigeng,Professor ZHOU YaoqiAbstractDetection and analysis of seismic signals can help people understand earth’s structure and predict earthquake is difficult to detect seismic signals accurately because its frequency is too low and energy is too it is necessary to design a highperformance seismic signals acquisition system.This theses introduces the design of a triaxis seismometer based on MEMS technology,aims to overe the disadvantages of traditional seismometers,such as large volume and narrow the design,1221x002 is chosen to detect earthquake,and subsequent signal conditioning circuits are designed to improve signal to noise ratio,including amplifying,filtering and DC reasonable assembly and testing,a seismometer with three sensing directions is finally DT9820,a data acquisition board with 24 bit resolution,is chosen to convert the seismic on the board,an acquisition and processing software is programmed with Visual C++ main functions of the developed software include data acquisition,curve portray,storing of PSN files and FFT spectrum analysis.Many methods are used to improve the system’s realtime property and saving and antiinterference are introduced to optimize hardware allocation of buffers,utilization of WINDOWS message mechanism and GPS module are also applied in the acquisition and processing software.The results of experiments prove that the developed system can meet the need of realtime data acquisition and signal saved data can be read by the WinQuake,a professional seismic signals processing ,the designed software is full of friendly user interface and stable performance.Key words：MEMS Seismometer,Data Acquisition,DT9820,PSN DataFormat第1章 前 言地震既是一種自然災(zāi)害，又是人類認(rèn)識(shí)地球內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和演化的一種有力工具。所以，對(duì)天然地震信號(hào)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)以及對(duì)采集到的信號(hào)進(jìn)行有效的分析和處理意義重大。用于地震信號(hào)檢測(cè)的傳感器稱為地震儀，目前大多數(shù)地震儀仍然以機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)為主，不但體積大、價(jià)格高而且頻帶窄、抗震能力較差，
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