【正文】 基于 ARM 的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng) 承 諾 本人呈交的學(xué)位論文，是在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的成果，所有數(shù)據(jù)、圖片資料真實(shí)可靠。盡我所知，除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本學(xué)位論文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作權(quán)的內(nèi)容。對(duì)本論文所涉及的研究工作做出貢獻(xiàn)的其他個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確的方式標(biāo)明。本學(xué)位論文的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬于培養(yǎng)單位。 本人簽名： 日期： 摘 要 摘 要 近年來(lái)隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和后 PC 時(shí)代 來(lái)臨，嵌入式技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和科研實(shí)驗(yàn)中不可或缺的重要組成部分。另一方面，數(shù)據(jù)采集則是信號(hào)與信息處理的關(guān)鍵，在軍工和民用中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。兩者的相互結(jié)合，將是未來(lái)自動(dòng)控制領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。因?yàn)閷⑶度胧郊夹g(shù)引入到數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)中，不但大大提高了系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性和靈活性，而且還能滿(mǎn)足日益提高的自動(dòng)測(cè)量需求。本文的研究正是基于上述考慮而進(jìn)行的基于 ARM 的嵌入式數(shù)據(jù)采集與顯示系統(tǒng)研制。 在兼顧通用性和可擴(kuò)展性的條件下，設(shè)計(jì)了以 ARM 處理器和可編程邏輯器件FPGA 為核心的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由兩個(gè)部分組成：系統(tǒng)主控核 心板和實(shí)現(xiàn)各外圍功能的擴(kuò)展板。核心板由微處理器 ARM、 擴(kuò)展內(nèi)存 以及直流電源模塊組成，主要用來(lái)控制各相關(guān)外圍功能器件的正常工作；擴(kuò)展板主要由可編程邏輯器件 FPGA、 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器 、 顯示器接口以及串口等組成，可進(jìn)行多通道多參數(shù)的采集 、存儲(chǔ) 、 傳送和顯示。 軟件設(shè)計(jì)上，編寫(xiě)了 Bootloader， 完成了基于 Xmodem協(xié)議的傳輸方式 ，開(kāi)發(fā)了觸摸屏和彩色 LCD 的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序，移植了 uC/GUI 圖形用戶(hù)界面，實(shí)現(xiàn)了搶占式實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng) uC/OSII 在該平臺(tái)上的運(yùn)行。最后對(duì)采集到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了基于小波變換的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理，得到了滿(mǎn)意結(jié) 果。 關(guān)鍵詞： 嵌入式系統(tǒng)； ARM；數(shù)據(jù)采集； FPGA；小波變換； Abstract Development of embedded data acquisition and displaying system based on ARM Zhang Lei Directed by Prof. Jiang Haihe With the development of puter technology and afterPC times ing, the embedded technology plays very important roles in both industrial production and scientific experiment. On the other hand, Data acquisition is the key procedure in information and signal processing, and has been applied widely in both war industry and civil. Embedded system is one of the leadingedge technologies nowadays. It can be used to enhance realtime feature and flexibility of the system, so as to meet the increasing automate measurement needs. The study of embedded data acquisition system based on ARM is such a case. Considering universality and expansibility, we have designed this data acquisition system, mainly based on ARM processor and FPGA. The system consists of two main parts: main board and peripheral board. The function of main board is to control peripheral parts, and the main board is posed of ARM, extended memory and DC power. Then there are FPGA, ADC, interface of LCD and UART in the peripheral board, which is used to acquire, store, transmit and display data. In software design, Bootloader and protocol based on Xmodem have been finished. In addition, the drivers of the touch screen and LCD have been also developed. The friendly manmachine interface is obtained by using the uC/GUI. Furthermore, the uC/OSII, as a realtime preemptive multitasking operating system, has been transplanted to the hardware platform. In the end, wavelet transformation is applied to resolve overlapped data signal and a satisfying result has been achieved. Key Words: Embedded system。 ARM。 Data acquisition。 FPGA。 Wavelet transformation。目 錄 目 錄 摘 要 ...............................................................ii Abstract ...........................................................iii 第一章 緒 論 .........................................................1 .............................................................. 1 .................................................... 2 ................................................ 2 ...................................................... 3 第二章 系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................4 系統(tǒng)控制的總體設(shè)計(jì) .................................................... 4 系 統(tǒng)的電路模塊介紹 .................................................... 4 .......................................... 5 .......................................... 6 .................................................. 7 .............................................................. 8 第三章 基于 ARM 的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................9 ........................................................ 9 S3C44B0X微處理器 ............................................... 9 S3C44B0X存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng) .............................................. 10 ROM 接口電路 ................................................... 10 RAM 接口電路 ................................................... 12 系統(tǒng)電源設(shè)計(jì) ................................................... 13 ................................................. 13 JTAG接口電路 .................................................. 14 ................................................. 15 ....................................................... 16 ................................................... 16 UART接口電路 .................................................. 18 FPGA控制電路 .................................................. 18 LCD接口電路 ................................................... 20 ................................................... 22 ................................................... 25 I/O口電路 ................................................. 26 ............................................................. 26 第四章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................27 ARM 引導(dǎo)程序設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................... 27 Bootloader 程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 27 Xmodem 傳輸協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn) ............................................ 32 控制系統(tǒng)主體軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................. 34 移植 uC/OSII操作系統(tǒng) .......................................... 35 FPGA控制 ADC的程序設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 41 基于 ARM 的嵌入式數(shù)據(jù)采集與顯示系統(tǒng)研制 應(yīng)用控制程序的實(shí)現(xiàn) ............................................. 45 圖形用戶(hù)界面 uC/GUI的移植 ............................................ 45 設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ................................................... 46 系統(tǒng)界面設(shè)計(jì) ................................................... 49 本章小節(jié) ............................................................ 53 第五章 數(shù)據(jù)分析與處理 ...............................................54 數(shù)據(jù)分析處理的方法 ................................................... 54 數(shù)據(jù)分析的理論依據(jù) ................................................... 55 基于小波變換的應(yīng)用 ................................................... 58 譜峰信號(hào)處理軟件 (VC