控制系統(tǒng)的介紹英文翻譯(已修改)
2024-11-21 13:35 本頁面
【正文】 4 Introduction to Control System 1. 1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The desire to control the forces of nature has been with man since early civilizations. Although many examples of control systems existed in early times, it was not until the mideighteenth century that several steam engine, and perhaps the most noteworthy invention was the speed control flyball governor invented by James Watt. The period biginnign about twentyfive years before World War Two saw rapid advances in electronics and especially in circuit theory, aided by the now classical work of Nyquist in the area of stability theory, The requirements of sophisticated weapon systems, submarines, aircraft and the like gave new impetus to the work in control systems before and after the war The advent of the analog puter coupled with advances in electronics saw the beginning of the establishment of control systems as a science. By The midfifties, the progress in digital puters had given the engineers a new tool that greatly enhanced their capability to study large and plex systems. The availability of puters also opened the era of datalogging, puter control, and the state space of modern method of analysis. The sputnik began the space race and large governmental expenditures in the space as well as military effort. During this time. circuits became miniaturized and large sophisticated systems could be put together very pactly thereby allowing a putational and control advantage coupled with systems of small physical dimensions. We were now capable of designing and flying miniputers and landing men on the moon. The post sputnik age saw much effort in system optimization and adaptive systems. Finally, the refinement of the chip and related puter development has created an explosion in putational capability and putercontrolled devices. This has led to many innovative methods in manufacturing methods. such as puteraided design and manufacturing, and the possibility of unprecedented increases in 5 industrial productivity via the use of putercontrolled machinery, manipulators and robotics. Today control systems is a science with the art still playing an important role. Much mathematical sophistication has been achieved with considerable interest in optimal control system. The modern approach, having been established as a science, is being applied not only to the traditional control systems, but to newer problems like urban analysis, econometrics, transportation, biomedical problems, energy analysis, and a host of similar pro
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