黃酮類化合物和腦健康(已修改)
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【正文】 169。 University of Reading 2022 Molecular Nutrition Group School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy 23 June 2022 Flavonoids and Brain Health: Multiple effects underpinned by mon mechanisms Dr. Jeremy P E Spencer 8089 7079 6069 3559 Prevalence of AD (%) Age (years) Prevalence of PD (%) 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2022 202040455055606570758085Life Expectancy at BirthY e a r M e n W o m e n Increased health care costs and general demand on the NHS. ? Reduced quality of life for the elderly population. Ageing and Incidence of Neurodegenerative Diseases Life Expectancy is increasing Diet and brain function Molecular Mechanisms? Flavonoids as neuroprotective agents Animal Investigations Flavonoid extracts from fruit and vegetables have been reported to attenuate cognitive decline and neuronal dysfunction in animal models and humans. ? Joseph et al. (1998, 1999) J. Neurosci. ? Unno et al (2022) Exp. Gerontol. ? Haque et al (2022) J. Nutr. ? Williams et al (2022) Free Radic. Biol. Med. Human Studies Flavonoids, in particular flavanols, influence neural activity, measured with fMRI ? Francis et al (2022) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. ? Fisher et al (2022) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. ? Kuriyama et al (2022) AJCN Flavonoids: source Fruit and vegetables: (All classes) Red wine: (Flavanol, Flavonols) Cocoa: (Flavanols and procyanidins) Tea: (Flavanols) Berries: (Anthocyanins) Citrus: (Flavanone) Flavonoids: structure Flavanol Flavonol Isoflavone Flavanone Anthocyanin R2 HO O R1 R3 OH OH O O R1 R2 R4 R3 R5 O + OH HO OH OH R1 R2 O O HO OH OH R1 R2 R3 O HO OH O R1 R2 R3 Plantderived flavonoids and brain function Correct Choices (All trials) 0 2 4 6 8 Baseline 3 weeks 6 weeks 9 weeks 12 weeks Number correct (out of 8) Young Old Effects of a Blueberryrich diet on Spatial Working Memory Blueberry * * * * Williams et al: FRBM, 2022 2 . 0 03 . 0 04 . 0 05 . 0 06 . 0 07 . 0 08 . 0 00 10 20 30 40 50Ti m e on D i e t ( da y s )Number of Correct Choices (out of 8)P l a c e b oB l u e b e r r yA n t h o c y a n i n sFl a v a n o l sEffects of flavonoid supplementation on spatial memory in older animals Human intervention Cognitive tests Test Drink Placebo Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Blood sample Blood s
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