【正文】 上?；ɑ墚a業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究報告摘 要上?；ɑ墚a業(yè)發(fā)展已有20余年,已成為上海農業(yè)結構中重要組成部分。本研究首先對國內外花卉業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀作了概述,分析世界花卉發(fā)展態(tài)勢和我國花卉產銷現(xiàn)狀及特點。接著在實地調研的基礎上,對上海花卉業(yè)發(fā)展歷程、現(xiàn)狀(包括布局結構、設施投入、資源、市場發(fā)育、管理體系、科技、政策等)、面臨的機遇進行分析,借鑒國內外花卉業(yè)發(fā)展經驗和教訓,提出上海未來幾年花卉業(yè)發(fā)展對策。主要研究內容如下:上海花卉業(yè)經過20多年發(fā)展,成就有目共睹。具備了一定的產業(yè)布局和規(guī)模。初步形成了一點、二帶及多場這樣的產業(yè)布局。花卉品種不斷更新,是科技部認定的香石竹、百合、唐菖蒲等花卉品種的技術依托基地。對百合、石竹、石蒜等我國野生花卉資源的收集、分析、育種和組培苗生產,在全國處于領先地位。已初步形成了一支掌握花卉育種、栽培、生物技術的科研隊伍,收集了一批花卉種質資源,掌握了一些國際先進技術,特別是花卉種苗生產技術達到了國際先進水平。與花卉生產配套的溫室設計、開發(fā)技術、農業(yè)信息技術等居國內領先,在郊區(qū)建成了以上海鮮花港為代表的花卉生產基地?；ɑ苁袌霾粩喟l(fā)展壯大等等。上海是我國最大的花卉集散中心,已有花卉市場70多家,花店3800多家。2006年,。面臨新形勢、新要求,上?；ɑ墚a業(yè)還存在以下主要問題。缺乏種質資源,生產水平相對偏低?？蒲腥藛T缺乏。產業(yè)布局分散,專業(yè)化程度不高。管理格局有參差,多頭管理,花協(xié)作用不能充分體現(xiàn)。市場體系不完善,沒有形成有特色的規(guī)模化的鮮切花交易中心。社會化服務體系還不健全等。上海花卉產業(yè)化發(fā)展要包括五項措施。(1)加大科技投入,注重種質創(chuàng)新。(2)合理規(guī)劃布局,形成地方特色。(3)培育和壯大花卉市場。(4)完善花卉業(yè)社會化服務體系。(5)加強政策保障?？傊?上海花卉產業(yè)的發(fā)展要充分發(fā)揮花卉產業(yè)的經濟、社會、環(huán)境功能。積極有效地利用上海世界博覽會的舉辦和郊區(qū)花卉生產的有利條件,逐步把上?；ɑ苌a建設成為科技含量高、生產示范性強的先進基地。形成花卉批發(fā)市場與零售市場有機結合、國際市場與國內市場相互配合、以市場引導生產的經營模式。逐步形成以若干花卉龍頭企業(yè)為先導并與花農合作社結合的產業(yè)。逐步建成一個標準化、品牌化生產的花卉出口基地和花卉科技研究與開發(fā)基地。關鍵詞: 上海。 花卉產業(yè)。 現(xiàn)狀。 對策64 / 64ABSTRACTAs an important part of Shanghai agriculture, the flower industry has been developed for over 20 years. This study focuses firstly on the overview of the current domestic and foreign status on the development of the industry, with respective analysis of the international growing trend and domestic productivity and marketing。 then, based on practical work, the study analyzed the history, current situation (which include the industry structure, input of equipment, resources, marketing potential, management system, science and technology and policy, etc) and uping opportunities, assimilated some experience of other countries and areas and proposed several strategies to promote the development of flower industry in the next few years. The main contents of the study are as follows:1. The acknowledgement of achievement of Shanghai flower industry for over twenty years development:A large scale of industry structure has been developed。 the planting areas were increased from ha of 1992 to in 2005。 An industry structure of one point, two bands of areas and several horticultural fields is primarily in shape. There are consistent updates on the types of flower and Shanghai has been assigned by the Ministry of Science and Technology as the technology centre for carnation, lily and gladiolus cultivation. Shanghai is also advanced at collection, analysis, breeding and tissue culture for wild flower such as lily, pink and amaryllis.A group of specialists engaged in breeding, floriculture and biotechnology have collected a large amount of germ plasma resources and international advanced technology, among which seedling production has reached the top rank. Meanwhile, the supporting facilities such as greenhouse design, exploitative strategies and agricultural information technology are also taking a leading position and a representative production base named Shanghai Flower Harbor has been constructed in suburban area. The markets of flower have been consistently growing and developing. Shanghai is the largest distributing centre of flower in China, in which more than 70 markets and 3800 stores are built. The sales reached RMB 665 million in 2006.2. To face the new requirement and new situation, there are several major problems in flower industry to be solved:Lack of germ plasma resources of flower。 paratively low productivity。 lack of specialists and staff。 decentralized industry structure。 low level of specialization。 inconsistent management。 the main function of Shanghai Flower Association cannot be acted。 imperfect marketing system。 the cutflower business centre reveals no special characteristics with a large scale。 social service has not been fully provided.3. There are five main measures to be taken in Shanghai flower industry:(1) Increase investment on science and technology, emphasize on germ plasma innovation.(2) Reasonable layout with local characteristics.(3) Develop system of flower markets.(4) Optimize system of social service. (5) Strengthen protective policy.In summary, Shanghai flower industry must prompt the economic, social and environmental function of the industry。 take good advantage of the holding of Shanghai World Exposition and suburban flower production to construct an advanced centre with high scientific level and model of productivity。 form a business pattern of bination of flowers and plants distribution and retailing markets。 integration of domestic and international markets and marketing industry step by step。 push the leading role of some most important enterprises and bination of flower and agricultural cooperative society。 construct a flower exporting base and scientific study and developing base with standardization and brand.KEYWORDS: Shanghai。 flower industry。 actuality。 countermeasures目 錄摘要 1 引言 7 第一章 文獻綜述 9 1 世界花卉業(yè)發(fā)展態(tài)勢 9 生產與消費現(xiàn)狀 9 花卉產業(yè)市場競爭日趨激烈 10 世界花卉生產和經營企業(yè)由獨立經營向合作經營發(fā)展 11 花卉品種向新、特、優(yōu)和多樣性發(fā)展，花卉科研力度不斷加大 11 廣泛采用新技術，推動了花卉產業(yè)的快速發(fā)展 12 2 主要花卉生產國家 12 花卉生產先進國家 13 花卉生產貿易后起國 16 3 我國花卉產銷現(xiàn)狀及特點 18 不同類型花卉種植結構 18 各種類型花卉銷售結構 20 各省市花卉產銷排名 22 主要生產省市花卉產業(yè)發(fā)展概況 24 我國花卉業(yè)發(fā)展特點 25 第二章 上?；ɑ墚a業(yè)現(xiàn)狀分析 28 1 自然條件與研究方法 28 區(qū)位與面積 28 自然資源 28 研究方法 28 2 結果與分析 28 產業(yè)發(fā)展歷程及取得的成果 28 區(qū)域布局和種植結構 31 設施建設和種質資源 32 市場培育與產業(yè)管理 33 花卉企業(yè)與專業(yè)合作社 35 產業(yè)政策與科技投入 36 3 討論 38 先進生產經營方式的探索 38 與先進國家花卉產業(yè)的差距 39 第三章 上?；ɑ墚a業(yè)發(fā)展對策分析 42 1 研究方法 42 資料采集 42 實地調研 42 座談、訪談 42 2 結果與分析 42 加大科技投入，注重種質創(chuàng)新 43 合理規(guī)劃布局，形成地方特色 48 培育和壯大花卉市場 49 完善花卉業(yè)社會化服務體系 51 加強政策保障，營造良好環(huán)境 54 3 討論 55 新時期上海花卉業(yè)發(fā)展要適應世界花卉業(yè)發(fā)展特點 55 上?；ɑ墚a業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展具有一定基礎 56 上海花卉產業(yè)發(fā)展前景廣闊 58 結論與建議 59 參考文獻 6062引 言自上世紀80年代末，上?；ɑ墚a業(yè)作為“朝陽產