【正文】 I / 36畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）小型飛機(jī)尾翼控制器設(shè)計(jì)Controller design for small aircraft tail： ： 機(jī)電學(xué)院 ： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 ： 機(jī)制 0641 ： ： 講師 ： 2022 年 6 月 17 日 學(xué)生姓名所在院系所學(xué)專業(yè)所在班級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師教師職稱完成時(shí)間II / 36長(zhǎng) 春 工 程 學(xué) 院摘 要水平尾翼簡(jiǎn)稱平尾，安裝在機(jī)身后部，主要用于保持飛機(jī)在飛行中的穩(wěn)定性和控制飛機(jī)的飛行姿態(tài)。尾翼的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)與機(jī)翼十分相似，通常都是由骨架和蒙皮構(gòu)成，但它們的表面尺寸一般較小，厚度較薄，在構(gòu)造形式上有一些特點(diǎn)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，水平尾翼由固定的水平安定面和可偏轉(zhuǎn)的升降舵組成飛機(jī)的水平安定面就能夠使飛機(jī)在俯仰方向上（即飛機(jī)抬頭或低頭）具有靜穩(wěn)定性。水平安定面是水平尾翼中的固定翼面部分。當(dāng)飛機(jī)水平飛行時(shí)，水平安定面不會(huì)對(duì)飛機(jī)產(chǎn)生額外的力矩；而當(dāng)飛機(jī)受到擾動(dòng)抬頭時(shí)，此時(shí)作用在水平安定面上的氣動(dòng)力就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)使飛機(jī)低頭的力矩，使飛機(jī)恢復(fù)到水平飛行姿態(tài)。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)由操縱系統(tǒng)、信號(hào)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)、信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)、步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)、齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)組成。操縱機(jī)構(gòu)采用十字手柄，包括前后左右四個(gè)方向的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣就能分別控制左右兩片尾翼正負(fù)方向 45 度的轉(zhuǎn)角，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)起飛、降落、左轉(zhuǎn)彎或右轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)對(duì)水平尾翼的控制。MCS51 系列單片機(jī)主要有三種型號(hào)的產(chǎn)品 8038058751。該系列產(chǎn)品是集中 CPU I/O 端口及部分 RAM 等為一體的功能性很強(qiáng)的控制器，它的主要特點(diǎn)是III / 36集成度高可靠性好、運(yùn)算速度快，另外，該系列產(chǎn)品只需增加少量外圍器件就可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，并且開發(fā)手段齊全，指令系統(tǒng)功能強(qiáng)，編程靈活性大，硬件資料也很豐富，是較為理想的主選控制器芯片。關(guān)鍵詞升降舵 飛行姿態(tài) 操縱 單片機(jī) Abstract: Horizontal tail short horizontal tail, installed in the rear fuselage, used to keep the aircraft in flight stability and control aircraft in flight. Tail of the internal structure is very similar to the wing, usually constituted by the skeleton and skin, but their surface size is generally small, thin, in the form of a number of structural features. In general, the horizontal tail from the fixed horizontal stabilizer and the elevator deflection can be posed of the horizontal stabilizer on the aircraft to the aircraft in the pitch direction (that is, rise or bow planes) with static stability. The horizontal stabilizer is the horizontal tail section in the fixedwing plane. When the plane flying level, the horizontal stabilizer on the aircraft would not generate additional torque。 while the rise time when the aircraft is disturbed, then the role of the level of stability in the aerodynamic surface will produce a bow of the moment the aircraft, the aircraft recovery to level flight attitude. The system consists of control systems, signal detection system, signal processing system, stepping motor control systems, gear transmission system ponent. Control mechanism with cross handle, including before and after the four directions of movement, so that each can control the direction of about plus or minus two rear corner 45 degrees, enabling the aircraft to take off, landing, turn left or turn right on the horizontal tail control。IV / 36MCS 51 series microcontroller mainly have three types of products, the 8051, 8751 8031. This series of products are concentrated CPU I/O port and part of the RAM as a function of controller, its main characteristic is the integration of high reliability, faster, and other products of this series, only a small increase in peripheral devices can form a plete microputer control system, and the development means is plete, the function is strong, programming instruction system, hardware material also big agility is very rich, is the ideal advocate anthology controller chip.Keywords: Elevator Flight attitude Control MCS1 / 36目 錄1. 緒論 .................................................................................................................................1 課題研究的目的和意義 ............................................................................................1 國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究狀況 ....................................................................................................1 課題任務(wù)、研究的內(nèi)容和要求 ................................................................................2 系統(tǒng)總體方案的制定 .........................................................................................2 機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................................2 電氣系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................................32. 系統(tǒng)總體方案 .................................................................................................................3 操縱系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................................................3 信號(hào)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................................4 信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................................4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................................4 尾翼齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................................43. 機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................................5 軸的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................................5 齒輪計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................................7 選擇齒輪材料和熱處理、精度等級(jí)、齒輪齒數(shù) .............................................7 按齒跟彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................7 軸承的選擇和計(jì)算 ..................................................................................................10 電機(jī)的選擇 ..............................................................................................................114. 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................................13 控制部分硬件設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................13 主控制器的 CPU 的選擇 ............................................................................................14 單片機(jī)的基本性能 ...........................................................................................15 MCS51 系列單片機(jī)的引腳及功能 ..................................................................15 特殊功能寄存器 .............