【正文】 Chapter I The Renaissance Period一、學習目的和要求 　　通過本章學習，了解文藝復興運動和人文主義思潮產(chǎn)生的歷史，文化背景，認識該時期文學創(chuàng)作的基本特征和基本主張，及其對同時代及后世英國文學乃至文化的影響；了解該時期重要作家的文學生涯，創(chuàng)作思想，藝術特色及其代表作品的主題結構，人物刻畫，語言風格，思想意義等；同時結合注釋，讀懂所選作品，了解其思想內(nèi)容和寫作特色，培養(yǎng)理解和欣賞文學作品的能力。二、考核要求　(一) 文藝復興時期概述　　1. 識記：（1）文藝復興時期的界定　　　　　　 （2）歷史文化背景　　2. 領會: （1）文藝復興運動的意義與影響　　　　　　 （2）文藝復興時期的文學特點　　　　　　 （3）人文主義的主張及對文學的影響　　3. 應用：文藝復興，人文主義及玄學詩等名詞的解釋　Brief Introduction to the Renaissance Period　I. 應用　　Definitions of the Literary Terms:　1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th amp。 17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture amp。 literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman amp。 Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography amp。 astrology, the religious reformation amp。 the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers amp。 scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, amp。 to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.　2. Humanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new learning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, but the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.　　3. Spenserian stanza: Spenserian stanza was invented by Edmund Spenser. It is a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter amp。 the last line in iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc.　　4. Metaphysical poetry: The term metaphysical poetry is monly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as pared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of mon speech. The imagery in drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet39。s beloved, with God, or with himself.　5. The Renaissance her A Renaissance hero refers to one created by Christopher Marlowe in his drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from both gods and men. He embodies Marlowe39。s humanistic ides of human dignity and capacity. Different from the tragic hero in medieval plays, who seeks the way to heaven through salvation and god39。s will, he is against conventional morality and contrives to obtain heaven on earth through his own efforts. With the endless aspiration for power, knowledge, and glory, the hero interprets the true Renaissance spirit. Both Tamburlaine and Faustus are typical in possessing such a spirit.（二） 該時期的重要作家?。褐匾骷业奈膶W生涯　：重要作品及主要內(nèi)容?。褐匾骷业膭?chuàng)作思想，藝術特色及其代表作品的主題結構，人物塑造，語言風格，藝術手法，社會意義等?！。海?）莎士比亞和鄧恩詩歌的主題，意象　　　　?。?）喜劇《威尼斯商人》的主題和主要人物性格分析　　　　?。?）哈姆雷特的性格分析　　　　　（4）史詩《失樂園》的結構，人物性格，語言特點等的分析I. Edmund Spenser 1. 一般識記 　Brief Introduction to the AuthorEnglish poet，born in London, England, about 1552,and died in London, Jan 13, 1599.　2. 識記His Major WorksSpenser39。s most important work amp。 masterpiece is The Faerie Queene, a great poem of its age. A plex moral, religious, amp。 political allegory, it is also an epic that exalts Queen Elizabeth Ⅰamp。 the English nation. According to Spenser39。s own explanation, his principal intention is to present through a historical poem the example of a perfect gentleman: to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous amp。 gentle discipline. Its principal hero is the Arthur of medieval legend. The six books of the poem illustrate the nature of particular virtues, such as, temperance amp。 justice. Other major works of Spenser are The Shepheardes Calender(1579), a poem consisting of 12 ecloguescorresponding to the 12 months of the year。 Epithalamion (1595), a poem expressing the deep personal feelings occasioned by the poets second marriage。 Amoretti (1595), a series of sonnets.　3. 領會His Influence 　1) Main qualities of Spenser39。s poetry　?、賏 perfect melody 　?、赼 rare sense of beauty　　③a splendid imagination　?、躠 lofty moral purity amp。 seriousness　　⑤a dedicated idealism　2) In his writing, Spenser drew on the conventions amp。 thought of Classical, medieval, amp。 Renaissance literature. However, he added to his fusion of these diverse elements much that was original, amp。 his works inspired many later English poets. He created a new stanza, called the Spenserian stanza, which is well suited to narrative verse. His skills in writing melodious English verse amp。 his bination of emotion, erudition, amp。 spiritual vision have won him the admiration of generations of English poets. It is his idealism, his love of beauty, amp。his exquisite melody that make him kno