遺傳學(xué)概論ppt課件(已修改)
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【正文】 Introduction and History of Immunology Weilin Chen, Institute of immunology, ZJU Phone:88208282 Email: Lecture 1 ? History of Immunology ? Immune system ? Innate immunity ? Adaptive immunity Text book: Medical Immunology 5th ed（金伯泉） References: Natural Review of Immunology Annual Review of Immunology Immunity Immunity: refers to all mechanisms used by the body as protection against environmental agents that are foreign to the body. The term “immunity” was first used in 1775 by Van Sweiten, a Dutch physician, as “immunitas” to describe the effects induced by an early attempt at variolization. Variolation ? To induce immunity deliberately were performed by the Chinese in the 1200 – a technique called variolation ? Edward Jenner an English country doctor in 1798, took the scrab from Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaids and inserted into arm of James Phipps, a 8year old boy. Eight weeks later, James was challenged with the deadly smallpox. Louis Pasteur (18221895) Pasteur called the attenuated strain as “Vaccine”. The latin word “vacca=cow” in honor of Jenner’s work. Attenuated vaccines for cholera, anthrax, and rabies On July 4, 1886, 9yearold Joseph Meister was bitten repeatedly by a rabid dog， Pasteur treated him with his attenuated rabies vaccine two days later. Meister survived. Joseph Meister later bee a gatekeeper for the Pasteur Institute. In 1940, when he was ordered by the German occupiers to open Pasteur39。s crypt, Joseph Meister refused and mitted suicide! Robert Koch (18431910) ? German physician。 also started to work on Anthrax in 187039。s. Identified the spore stage. First time the causative agent of an infectious disease was identified. ? Discovered the tubercle bacillus and tuberculin. Detailed tuberculin skin test (DTH). Awarded 1905 Nobel Prize. Emil Adolf von Behring (1854 – 1917) ? A Student of Koch ? With Kitas
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