遺傳學(xué)概論ppt課件-wenkub
2023-05-18 18:47:14 本頁面
【正文】 History of Immunology ? Immune system ? Innate immunity ? Adaptive immunity Text book: Medical Immunology 5th ed（金伯泉） References: Natural Review of Immunology Annual Review of Immunology Immunity Immunity: refers to all mechanisms used by the body as protection against environmental agents that are foreign to the body. The term “immunity” was first used in 1775 by Van Sweiten, a Dutch physician, as “immunitas” to describe the effects induced by an early attempt at variolization. Variolation ? To induce immunity deliberately were performed by the Chinese in the 1200 – a technique called variolation ? Edward Jenner an English country doctor in 1798, took the scrab from Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaids and inserted into arm of James Phipps, a 8year old boy. Eight weeks later, James was challenged with the deadly smallpox. Louis Pasteur (18221895) Pasteur called the attenuated strain as “Vaccine”. The latin word “vacca=cow” in honor of Jenner’s work. Attenuated vaccines for cholera, anthrax, and rabies On July 4, 1886, 9yearold Joseph Meister was bitten repeatedly by a rabid dog， Pasteur treated him with his attenuated rabies vaccine two days later. Meister survived. Joseph Meister later bee a gatekeeper for the Pasteur Institute. In 1940, when he was ordered by the German occupiers to open Pasteur39。 key。 Birth of cellular immunology Shared Nobel Prize with Ehrlich in 1908 Sir Frank Macfarlane Bur (18991985) infection Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Inflammation Immune Responses ? innate immune response natural immune response nonspecific immune response ? adaptive immune response acquired immune response specific immune response The innate and adaptive immune response Characteristics Cells Moleculars Innate immunity Responds rapidly No memory Phagocytes (PMNs and macrophages) Natural killer cells Master cells Dendritic cells Cytokines Complement Acute phase proteins Adaptiv
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