分子生物學(xué)ppt課件(2)(已修改)
2025-05-14 12:08 本頁面
【正文】 1 / 45 Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins 從氨基酸到蛋白質(zhì) 2 / 45 Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins Protein Composition Protein Conformations Protein Structure and Function: A Few Examples The Dynamics of Proteins Experiments 蛋白質(zhì)的組成 蛋白質(zhì)的構(gòu)象 蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)與 功能：幾個(gè)例子 蛋白質(zhì)動力學(xué) 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 3 / 45 Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins Life is most directly the work of proteins. Proteins allow anisms to grow and reproduce. They provide shape, strength and movement. In the cell, proteins are everywhere and do almost everything. 生命幾乎就是蛋白質(zhì)的杰作。蛋白質(zhì)讓生物可以生長和繁殖。它們?yōu)樯锾峁┝送庑魏土α浚约斑\(yùn)動功能。 在細(xì)胞中，蛋白質(zhì)無處不在，行使著幾乎任何功能。 4 / 45 紅細(xì)胞含有大量攜氧的血紅蛋白 螢火蟲的熒光素酶消耗 ATP催化底物發(fā)光 犀牛是唯一的一種具有完全由角蛋白組成角的動物。 5 / 45 Protein Composition@ ?Proteins are posed of small molecules called amino acids. Carbon atom attachs to four different chemical groups. hydrogen atom R group Different amino acids have different R groups. 6 / 45 ?The twenty amino acids and abbreviation They can be divided into four groups according to the property of their R groups. G l y cine 甘氨酸 G l y GA l an i n e 丙氨酸 A l a AI so l eu cine 異亮氨酸 I l e IL eu cine 亮氨酸 Leu LMe t h i o n i n e 甲硫氨酸 Me t MP h en y l alan i n e 苯丙氨酸 P h e FT r y p t o p h an 色氨酸 T rp WP rol i n e 脯氨酸 P ro PV al i n e 纈氨酸 V al VS erine 絲氨酸 S er ST h reo n i n e 蘇氨酸 T h r TA s p ara g i n e 天冬酰胺 A s n NG l u t am i n e 谷氨酰胺 G l n QC y steine 半胱氨酸 C y s CT y ros i n e 酪氨酸 T y r YA s p arti c ac i d 天冬氨酸 A s p DG l u t am i c ac i d 谷氨酸 G l u EA r g i n i n e 精氨酸 A r g RH i st i d i n e 組氨酸 H i s HL y sine 賴氨酸 Ly s KH y dro ph ob ic R gro u ps 疏水的 R 基團(tuán) H y dro ph ili c R grou ps 親水的 R 基團(tuán)A ci dic R grou ps 酸性的 R 基團(tuán)B a si c R grou ps 堿性的 R 基團(tuán)9 6 2 3 7 / 45 ?Structures of hydrophobic amino acids 脂 肪族和芳香族支鏈 維持蛋白質(zhì)三維結(jié)構(gòu)中起著重要作用（蛋白質(zhì)的疏水核心） 8 / 45 ?Structures of the hydrophilic amino acids 這類氨基酸的側(cè)鏈 都能與水形成氫鍵 ，因此易溶于水。 R基團(tuán)有 極性 但一般不解離。 9 / 45 ?Structures of acidic and basic amino acids Negative charge Positive charge 胍基 咪唑基 acidic R groups basic R groups Asp and Glu carry negative charges,Lys, Arg and His carry positive charges at physiological pH value (~). 10 / 45 ?20種氨基酸三字符必需記?。? ? Ala Arg Asp Asn Cys Glu Gln Gly His Ile 丙 精 天 酰氨 半 谷 酰氨 甘 組 異亮 ? Leu Lys Met Phe Pro Ser Thr Trp Tyr Val 亮 賴 甲硫 苯丙 脯 絲 蘇 色 酪 纈 11 / 45 ?The formation of a peptide bond The carboxyl group of one amino acid can react with the amino group of another amino acid to form a peptide bond(amide bond酰胺鍵 ). ?Proteins can be posed of any bination of twenty amino acids, in any number and in any order. ?Any amino acid can join to any other amino acid. 12 / 45 ?Partial double bond / 部分雙鍵 Doublebond joining the carbon and oxygen is also distributed between the same carbon and the adjacent nitrogen. This means that the peptide bond exists as an intermediate between a single bond and double bond. ?Redistribution of electron density gives a partial double bond character to
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