【正文】
中考專題復(fù)習(xí):動詞考點講解n 動詞的分類一、中考要求: 中考近年主要考查連系動詞be,feel,look,taste,smell等用法;及物動詞和不及物動詞的用法;助動詞 do/does/did和have/has的用法;情態(tài)動詞的用法。二、知識要點: 1. 連系動詞 連系動詞也稱為系動詞,用于連接主語和表語,表示主語身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。連系動詞有一定詞義,但不完 整,不能單獨做謂語,必須和表語連用,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: You are a teacher, but not a good one. 你是一個老師,但不是好老師?! ?We feel very happy when we know it. 當我們知道這個的時候,我們都非常高興?! ∮⒄Z經(jīng)常用到的連系動詞有: (1) 狀態(tài)連系動詞:表示主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、身份。常用的有be。 My father is very strong. 我的爸爸非常強壯?! ?2) 持續(xù)連系動詞:表示繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或情況?! 〕S玫挠校簊tay (保持),remain (保持),continue (繼續(xù))等?! ?3) 表象連系動詞:用來表示“看起來”的這一概念的詞?! 〕R姷挠?appear(看起來),seem(看似),look(看起來)?! our mother looks much younger than I thought. 你媽媽比我想象得年輕多了?! ?4) 感官連系動詞: 常用的有feel(摸起來),taste(嘗起來),smell(聞起來),sound(聽起來)look(看起來)?! he milk tastes a little sour. 這牛奶品嘗起來有點酸?! ?5) 轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果連系動詞:bee(變?yōu)?,get(成為),grow(長得),turn(變得),go(變得)等?! ur village is being more and more beautiful. 我們的村莊正在變得越來越漂亮。中考演練( )1 The stars ___ very small because they39。re very far away from us. A. are B. look C. change D. bee( ) 2 The room ___ cool in summer and39。warm in winter. A. feels B. is felt C. feels to be D. is felt to be( ) 3 You don39。t look so___ as usual. Why not go to see a doctor? A. well B. better C. badly D. worse( ) 4 His temperature seems ____. A. right B. all right C. well D. true( )5 The cake smells . A. well B. badly C. good D. terribly 助動詞本身沒有詞意,或者意義不完全,不能單獨作謂語,只能和別的動詞一起在句子中作謂語,幫助動詞構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)等及否定、疑問、強調(diào)等。主要的助動詞有:be,do,have,shall,will等。例如: Will you have a sports meeting next week? 你們下一個星期舉行體育運動會嗎? Is your mother cooking?你媽媽在做飯嗎? Don’t be late for class next time. 下次上課不要再遲到了。3. 情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞一般沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能單獨作謂語,只能和其他動詞連用作謂語,表示說話人的語氣和情感。主要的情態(tài)動詞有:can,may,must,need,would,could,might,dare等。使用情態(tài)動詞要注意以下方面: (1) 含must的一般疑問句,肯定回答仍用must,否定回答則用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”。一般不 能用mustn’t,因為mustn’t表示“不可以、禁止”,語氣很強。例如: —Must I finish my homework now? 我必須現(xiàn)在完成作業(yè)嗎? —No, you needn’t. 不,不必要?! ?2) may開頭的一般疑問句,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t。例如: —May I smoke here? 我可以在這里吸煙嗎? —No, you mustn’t. 不,不可以?! ?3) 表示可能性或推測時,can多用于否定句或疑問句,cannot表示“不可能”;may多用于陳述句,may not表示“可能不”;must只用于肯定句,表示“一定、準是”?! ou may be right or may not be right. 你可能對也可能不對?! he news can’t be true. 這消息不可能是真的。 She must be angry. 她一定是生氣了?! ?4) need用作情態(tài)動詞主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件句,表示“需要”,也可以作實義動詞,后跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動詞ing形式等。need開頭的一般疑問句,肯定回答用must?! ou needn’t e if you are busy. 如果忙,你就不必來了。(情態(tài)動詞) —Need I e tomorrow? 我明天需要來嗎? —No, you needn’t. / Yes, you must. 不,沒必要。/ 是的,你必須來。(情態(tài)動詞) He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一會。(實義動詞) (5) used to 表示“過去常?!保F(xiàn)在并不如此了。常與過去的時間狀語連用,否定形式是usen’t to 或don’t use to。一般疑問句將used提前或用“Did … use to …?” We used to go there every year. 我們過去每年去那兒?! ?6) have to的意思接近must,但是must強調(diào)說話者的主觀意愿。have to強調(diào)客觀上的必要性,常譯成“不得不“。have to可以用于多種時態(tài),其疑問句、否定句都要借助do構(gòu)成?! o you have to leave now? 你現(xiàn)在必須走了嗎? You don’t have to get up early. 你沒有必要早起?! ?7) be able to表示具體的能力,與can用法相近,can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時,be able to 可用更多的時態(tài)。was / were able to側(cè)重又能力而且成功地做成了某事,而could只表示過去具備某種能力?! he maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 這道數(shù)學(xué)題很難,但我做出來了。n 動詞的形式做題技巧 ? 確定正確的時態(tài) .a. I ________ (write) now. b. I ______(lose) my pen yesterday.c. We ___________ (study) English for two years. 有些句子沒有明顯的時間狀語,又不能用時態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則來對照,這時就可以根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容來判斷時間關(guān)系,確定正確時態(tài). are the twins? ______ (go) to visit Uncle Wang. . *,go,leave 等趨向性動詞的進行時可用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作.*.*,或在情態(tài)動詞,助動詞后,謂語動詞用原形Don39。t _____ (read)in the sun , will you? You39。d better _____ (stay)at home since it39。s raining outside. 注意所填動詞的語態(tài) Today both basketball and volleyball _________(play) in many countries. ? 確定動詞的形式 1. be busy,what about等后用動詞的ing 形式. 形式. keep,enjoy,finish,mind 等動詞后采用動詞的ing 形式. decide,hope,wish,hate 等動詞后應(yīng)用動詞不定式作賓語,而在ask, tell,want,teach 之后則用動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即 “ask sb. to do sth.”的形式 ,hear,watch,make,let等后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式應(yīng)省略動詞不定式符號“ to”, 但在被動句中, 應(yīng)添上to. It‘s time(for sb.)to do sth. It39。s kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 動詞不定式短語作句子真正的主語. (why 除外) + to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu),可在句中作主語, 表語和賓語. ? 練習(xí)題 Great Green Wall will stop the wind from (blow) the earth away. Smith kept on (ask) the players to rememberTEAMWORK didn39。t hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn39。t know how (do) the problem. policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him (carry) it for her. ,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的適當形式填空:(1).WangHai is a good always does his best _others.(2).Dig the hole big enough,or the trees can’t ___________well .(3).It39。s time for 39。s stop to the teacher.(4).Her face turned red when she _ to sing a song for all of us.(5).She is older than Mary but much younger.(6).I can39。t find my you ___________ them at home.(7).We waited in the next room while they ____________a