【正文】 范文范例參考文獻(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)介1. Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.2. In the past two decades a number of researchers have sought to determine ......3. Previous studies have reported ......4. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ......5. Smith (1984: 217) shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with .......6. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that ......7. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ......8. Recent evidence suggests that .......9. Several attemps have been made to ......10. A number of researchers have reported ......11. Xs were reported in the first models of Y (., Smith, 1977。 Smith, amp。 Patel, 1977).12. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... Studies of X show the importance of .....強(qiáng)調(diào)研究領(lǐng)域存在的問題1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ......2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ......3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:4. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have not attained an adequate understanding of ......5. There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ......6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use.7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ......強(qiáng)調(diào)研究領(lǐng)域存在的爭(zhēng)議1. To date there has been little agreement on what ......2. More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about .....3. One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in ......4. In many Xs a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning ......5. The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century.6. Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of ......7. This concept has recently been challenged by ....... studies demonstrating .......強(qiáng)調(diào)研究領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)差距1. So far, however, there has been little discussion about ......2. Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors .......3. However, far too little attention has been paid to ......4. In addition, no research has been found that surveyed .......5. So far this method has only been applied to ......6. This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of poverty that exist among ......, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive ...... is not yet clear is the impact of X on ...... neurobiological basis of this X is poorly understood.10. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between ......11. Until recently, there has been no reliable evidence that ......12. However, there have been no controlled studies which pare differences in ......13. Several studies have produced estimates of X (Smith, 2002。 Jones, 2003), but there is still insufficient data for .....14. No previous study has investigated X15. Although extensive research has been carried out on ...., no single study exists which .... ..強(qiáng)調(diào)前人研究的不足之處1. Most studies in the field of X have only focussed on ......2. Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.3. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.4. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about ......5. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they .....6. However, few writers have been able to draw on any structured research into the opinions and attitudes of ......7. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.8. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.9. Researchers have not treated X in much detail.10. Previous studies of X have not dealt with ......11. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether ......12. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature ....13. Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which adequately covers ......14. However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if these differences still persist.15. X39。s analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ......重申研究目的1. Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is patible with X operating system.2. The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of ......3. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate ...... 2. To ascertain ......4. The aim of this research project has therefore been to try and establish what ......5. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between ......6. The main aim of this investigation is to assess the doses and risks associated with ......7. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which ...... and whether .....8. This thesis will examine the way in which the .......9. This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of ......10. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of .......11. This case study seeks to examine t