【正文】 第一篇：英語論文寫作文章摘要是對所寫文章主要內容的精煉概括。美國人稱摘要為“Abstract”,而英國人則喜歡稱其為“Summary”。通常國際刊物要求所要刊登的文章字數(shù)，包括摘要部分不超過1萬字。而對文章摘要部分的字數(shù)要求則更少。因此，寫摘要時，應用最為簡練的語言來表達論文之精華。論文摘要的重點應放在所研究的成果和結論上。國際會議要求的論文摘要的字數(shù)不等，一般為200字500字。而國際刊物要求所刊登的論文摘要的字數(shù)通常是100字200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，內容上涵蓋全文，并直接點明全旨。語言上要求盡量簡煉。摘要通常多采用第三人稱撰寫。科學書籍、論文和學術報告一般都附有內容摘要，這樣可以節(jié)省讀者的時間，使他們不必讀完整個文章就能夠了解它的主要內容。書籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；論文和學術報告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要應做到簡明扼要，切題，能獨立成文，使讀者能準確地了解書籍的要義。寫摘要時，最好用第三人稱的完整的陳述句，文長一般不超過200個詞。摘要分陳述性的（Descriptive）和資料性的（Informational）兩類。陳述性摘要只陳述書籍或文章的主題，不介紹內容。資料性的摘要除了介紹主題外，還應介紹文章的要點和各個要點的主要內容。它可以包括三個組成部分①點明主題，解析文章或書籍的目的或意圖；②介紹主要內容，使讀者迅速了解文章或書籍的概貌；③提出結論或建議，以供讀者參考。二、常見句型常見的摘要句型有：1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of(that,having,etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article pares...and summarizes key ）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents uptodate information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of...28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30)This article is about...31)This eassy is related to...32)This paper concerns...33)This paper gives an account of...34)This article tells of...35)This paper tries to describe...36)This paper provides an analysis of...37)This paper reports the latest information on...38)The author of this article reviews...39)The writer of this paper discusses...40)The writer of this eassy tries to explore...41)The aim of this paper is to determine...42)The purpose of this article is to review...43)The objective of this paper is to explore...破題用語，一般有：①The author of this article reviews(or: discusses,describes,summarizes,examines)something……②This article reviews(or:reports,tellsof,isabout,concerns)something…….③This article has been prepared(or:designed,written)…….④The purpose of this article is to determine something…….⑤The problem of something is discussed …….結論和建議，一般有以下幾種寫法：①The author suggests(remends,concludes)that…….②This article shows that…….③It is suggested that…….④The author39。s suggestion(or:conclusion)is that ……⑤The author finds it necessary to …….三、分類舉例1）陳述型論文摘要。陳述型論文摘要（Descriptive Abstract）一般只說明論文的主題是什么，多半不介紹內容。例1ABSTRACTThis article extends Lehand and Pyle(1997)model to include the possibility that manager may exploit cooperate wealth through transactions with affiliated panies and/or results of our model show that the amounts of wealth exploitation are affected by several are in orderly managerial stockholding,the severity of penalty,the manager39。s risk attitude,firm39。s expected future cash flows,and the variance of future cash 39。s more, the relation between managerial holding and the amount of wealth exploitation is not exploitation rises with management share holdings before the break managerial holding exceeds the break point,any further increase in the management holdings will decrease the amount of wealth exploitation 1）題目：概括性強、體現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新性、精煉 題目寫作注意事項：英文題目以短語為主要形式，尤以名詞短語最常見，即題目基本上由一個或幾個名詞加上其前置和(或)后置定語構成。例如： The fabrication of …。短語型題目要確定好中心詞，再進行前后修飾。各個詞的順序很重要，詞序不當，會導致表達不準。題目一般不應是陳述句，因為題目主要起標示作用，而陳述句容易使題目具有判斷式的語義；況且陳述句不夠精練和醒目，重點也不易突出。少數(shù)情況(評述性、綜述性和駁斥性)下可以用疑問句做題目，因為疑問句可有探討性語氣，易引起讀者興趣。題目中的縮略詞語：已得到整個科技界或本行業(yè)科技人員公認的縮略詞語，才可用于題目中，否則不要輕易使用。另外，還要注意題目字數(shù)的限制，國外科技期刊一般對題目字數(shù)有所限制，這些規(guī)定可供我們參考。總的原則是，題目應確切、簡練、醒目，在能準確反映論文特定內容的前提下，題目詞數(shù)越少越好。（2）摘要：與結論不重復，體現(xiàn)整個文章的結論和思想，包括研究工作的目的、方法、結果和應用等。摘要寫作注意事項：摘要是