【正文】 強(qiáng)調(diào)前人研究的不足之處1. Most studies in the field of X have only focussed on ......2. Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.3. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.4. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about ......5. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they .....6. However, few writers have been able to draw on any structured research into the opinions and attitudes of ......7. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.8. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.9. Researchers have not treated X in much detail.10. Previous studies of X have not dealt with ......11. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether ......12. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature ....13. Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which adequately covers ......14. However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if these differences still persist.15. X39。 X is one of ...... 5. The term X is a relatively new name for ...... monly referred to as ....驗(yàn)證一項(xiàng)研究的弱點(diǎn)1. the main weakness of the study is the failure to address how .......2. the study fails to consider the differing categories of damage that .....3. the research does not take into account preexisting ...... such as ......4. the author offers no explanation for the distinction between X and Y.5. Smith makes no attempt to differentiate between various different types of X. fails to fully acknowledge the significance of ......7. the paper would appear to be over ambitious in its claims8. the author overlooks the fact that X contributes to Y.9. what Smith fails to do is to draw a distinction between ......10. another weakness is that we are given no explanantion of how ......11. no attempt was made to quantify the association between X and Y.強(qiáng)調(diào)此前研究的不充分1. Most studies in the field of X have only focused on ......2. Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.3. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.4. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about ......5. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they .....6. However, few writers have been able to draw on any structured research into the opinions and attitudes of ......7. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.8. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.9. Researchers have not treated X in much detail.10. Previous studies of X have not dealt with ......11. However, these studies used nonvalidated methods to measure .....12. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether ......13. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature ....14. Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which adequately covers ......15. However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if these differences still persist.提供有建設(shè)性的意見1. A better study would examine a large, randomly selected sample of societies with ......2. A much more systematic study would identify how X interacts with other variables that are believed to be linked to ......介紹其他人的評(píng)論1. However, Jones (2003) points out that .....2. Many analysts now argue that the strategy of X has not been successful. Jones (2003), for example, argues that .....3. Nongovernment agencies are also very critical of the new policies.4. The X theory has been / vigorously / strongly challenged in recent years by a number of writers.5. Smith39。s metaanalysis has been subjected to considerable criticism.7. The most important of these criticisms is that Smith failed to note that ......8. Jones (2003) is probably the best known critic of the X theory. He argues that .....9. The latter point has been devastatingly critiqued by Jones (2003).10. Critics have also argued that not only do social surveys provide an inaccurate measure of X, but the......11. Critics question the ability of poststructuralist theory to provide ......12. More recent arguments against X have been summarised by Smith and Jones (1982):13. Jones (2003) is critical of the conclusions that Smith draws from his findings.如何介紹引用1. In the final part of the Theses, Marx writes: Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways。Brien39。 Johnson, 1990。 Kelly, 1998。 Jones 1999。Jones et al., 1998).5. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that ......6. Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996。 Johnson, 2001)7. Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ...... (Smith, 1996。 Jones, 1987。 Jones 1999, ......13. A number of studies have found that ...... (Smith , 2003。 Jones, 1987, .......18. The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987。 Smith, 1994).19. The geology of X has been addressed in several smallscale investigations and .......20. Xs have been identified as maj