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【正文】 Aluminum Profile ExtrusionShandong University10 / 11ContentsChapter1 Process of Extrusion of Aluminum 1 Process Overview 1 Billet 2 Dies and Tooling 2 Direct Extrusion Operation 5 Aging 6 Packaging 7Chapter 2 Metallurgical Principles 8 Introduction 8 Structure 8 Lattice Structure Single Phase 9 Multiphase Structure—Equilibrium Diagrams 14 Diffusion, Precipitation, Nonequilibrium 18 Melting and Casting Processes 21 Development of the Continuous Cast Structure 22 Peripheral Shell and Peripheral Segregation 23 Cast Log Surface 24 Cast Grain and Cell Structure, Intermetallic Phases 26Chapter3 Machinery and Equipment for Direct and Indirect Hot Extrusion 31 Machinery for Direct Extrusion 31 Extrusion Press Design Principles 33 Main Subassemblies of the Direct Extrusion Press 40 Auxiliary Equipment for Direct Extrusion 51 Hydraulic Drive and Control Systems for Direct Extrusion 54 Electrical Drive, Control, and Regulation for Direct Extrusion 59 Typical Operating Sequence for Direct Extrusion 59Chapter 4 Extrusion Tooling 59 Requirements of Tooling and Tooling Material 59 Requirements of the Extrusion Tooling 59 Requirements of the Tooling Materials 59 Design of Tool Sets for Direct and Indirect Extrusion 59 Design of the Tool Set for Direct Extrusion 59 Design of the Tool Set for Indirect Extrusion 59 Sealing of the ShapeProducing Tooling with the Container 59Chapter5 Extrusion of Semifinished Products in Aluminum Alloys 59 General 59 Extrusion Behavior of Aluminum Alloys 59 Flow Stress 59 Flow Process 59 Thermal Balance and Extrusion Speed 59 Section Surface and Surface Defects 59 Procedures to Control the Thermal Balance 59 Joining by Extrusion 59Chapter 6 Billet Heating Systems 59 Induction Furnaces 59 General 59 GasFired Billet Preheat Furnace 59 Temperature Measurement and Control 59 Economics 59 Extrusion Billet Transport Mechanisms 59 AgeHardening Ovens for Aluminum Alloys 59 Heat Transfer by Convection 59 Design of the Chamber Furnace 59 Heating 59 Transport Mechanisms 59Chapter7 Aluminum Extrusion Glossary 59Chapter1 Process of Extrusion of Aluminum Process OverviewThe aluminum extrusion process really begins with the design process, for it is the design of the productbased on its intended usethat determines any of the ultimate production parameters. Questions regarding machinability, finishing, and environment of use will lead to the choice of alloy to be extruded. The function of the profile will determine the design of its form and, hence, the design of the die that shapes it.Once the design questions have been answered, the actual extrusion process begins with billet, the aluminum material from which profiles are extruded. The billet must be softened by heat prior to extrusion. The heated b
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