【正文】 五大基本句型（n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/主語(yǔ)從句）——謂(vi.)（如：e,go,arrive, stay, work, fall,rise, die, happen, fail, appear,lie,sit,stand,last)(1).The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(2).Your brother has gone home.(3).We work hard at English.（：visit, spend, forget, raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)賓（n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/賓語(yǔ)從句）(1).I study chemistry and he studies physics.(2).I have never seen such an interesting film.(3).He doesn39。t know what to read.（vt.)間接賓語(yǔ)（sb)直接賓語(yǔ)(sth.)(1).Give sb sth=Give sth to sb: send, pass, hand, show(2).Buy sb sth=Buy sth for sb: make, get, cook, call, find(3).Ask sb sth=Ask sth of sb(1).Will you lend me your bike?(2).Peter bought Mary a new dress.(3).Please get him some hot water.(4).Will you tell us sth about your school life?(5).This little boy is always asking the teacher all sorts of questions.(6).Pass me the paper, please.(7)John is teaching Mary how to ride a bicycle.(vt.)賓補(bǔ)(n./adj/adv/介詞短語(yǔ)/to do sth如：ask, tell, order,want, wish, encourage, allow, forbid/Do sth如：“四看”、“二聽(tīng)”、“一感覺(jué)”；have, let 與 make /Doing sth/Done by sb.)(1).I saw her enter the lab.(2).Nathan Hale felt his heart beating fast.(3).We elected him our school headmaster.(4).The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.(5).I39。ll have the bike repaired.(6).I heard him singing happily in the next room.(7).That man made the boy obey him.(8).He painted the door red.(9).She found her bike stolen.(10).let me have a look. We call her Xiao li.(11).We asked them to stay for lunch.(12).I wish you to go with me.(13).Don39。t keep your mother waiting.(14).suddenly she saw a wallet lying on the ground.(15).When he woke up, he found himself tied down.(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,bee,make)表（n./adj./adv./介詞短語(yǔ)/to do sth/doing sth./done by sb./表語(yǔ)從句）。(1).The news was exciting.(2).He was excited at the news.(3).The teachers39。 office is clean and tidy.(4).She became a League member in 1978.(5).The Summer Palace looks especially beautiful in the early morning.(6).The music sounds sweet.(7).Your answer doesn39。t sound right.(8).The dish smells good/delicious.(9).The liquid tastes bitter.(10).My job is to teach English./teaching English.(11).This story is very interesting.(12).I39。m interested in the story.(13).He became a writer in 1960. 比較： He turned writer in 1960.(14).He will make a good athlete.（成為）希望你能熟記上述經(jīng)典例句，真正掌握這五大基本句型呀。定語(yǔ)從句？先行詞？引導(dǎo)詞？定語(yǔ)從句的位置如何？(1).A plane is a machine that can fly.(2).The noodles that I cooked were deliicious.(3).Who is the man that is reading over there?(4).The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim39。s sister.(5).The fish which we bought were not fresh.(6).Who is the person whom you just talked to?(6).Mrs. Read is the person to whom you should write.(7).I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(8).This is the house where we lived last year.(9).The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.(10).Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last night.:（1).who指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。（2).whom指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。(3).whose指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。(4).which指物，在從句指作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。which還可以作定語(yǔ)起到限定詞的作用（this/that/these/those),但其前面必須有介詞。(5).that指人或物，在從句指作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。(5)as指人或物，在從句中作主、賓、表，既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句(the sameas, suchas, as/soas),也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（位置靈活).3個(gè)關(guān)系副詞:(1).when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。(2).where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。(3).why指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。注意：判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞，主要取決于什么？取決于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑喝粢龑?dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用關(guān)系代詞；若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用關(guān)系副詞。(1).I39。ll never forget the day _____you saved me. That39。s the special day _______I39。ll never forget.(2).This is the house _____my aunt lived last year. This is the house ______my aunt bought last year.(3).We39。ll visit the village, ______was once the site of a famous battle. We39。ll visit the village, ______a famous battle once took place.(4).,1949 was the day ______we39。ll never forget. ,1949 was the day _____the PRC was founded.(5)He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go (6)Chaplin went to the States in 1910, by which time he had learned to dance and act in edies.(7)His son insisted on joining the army, in which case he had to give in.，that/which都可以指物（可互用），但在下列情況下，必須用that指物，不用which.(1).當(dāng)先行詞本身為不定代詞時(shí)：all,much,little, sth,anything,everything,noyhing.(2).當(dāng)先行詞被adj最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。(3).當(dāng)先行詞被the very(正是、就是)、the only、the last修飾時(shí)。(1).All that glitters is not gold. All that can be done has been done. You can take any room that you like.There is no difficulty that we can39。t overe.This is the last time that I39。ll give you a lesson.This is the very book that I39。m after.China is not the country that it used to be.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)）：(as在定語(yǔ)從句中必須充當(dāng)成分：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))(1).The sameas(2).Suchas(3).Asclause, mainclause.==Mainclause, asclause.(4).such/asas(5)as/soas(1).As we know, more than 70 % of the earth39。s surface is covered by water.(2).This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.(3).This kind of puter, as is wellknown, is out of date.(5).This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(6).I have the same trouble as you (have).(7).Don39。t talk about such things as you do not understand.(8).Air is a gas, as is known to us. As we all know, air is a gas. Air, as we know, is a gas.(9)He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.比較：This is so heavy a stone /such a heavy stone that no one can lift it.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)This is so heavy a stone/such a heavy stone as no one can lift.(定語(yǔ)從句）注意：，只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，不能指代單個(gè)先行詞：“如同那樣”： as we know/as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as has been pointed out, as might be expected(正如所預(yù)料的那樣), as is often the case(情況常常是這樣), ，既可以指代整個(gè)主句，也可以指代單個(gè)先行詞。指代的是先行詞本身而不是主句時(shí)，不可用as代替which.，which既可作系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)，而as只能作系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)。(1)The apple tree, which I planted last year, has not any fruit.(2)He married her, which/as was natural.(3)He saw the girl, which delighted him.(1).Do all one can to do sth. Do what one can to do sth. Do/try one39。s best to do sth.(2).I don39。t like the way (that) you walk I don39。t like the way (in which) you walk.(3).This/It is the 1st/2nd time that I have done sth.1