呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病英文ppt課件(已修改)
2025-04-03 01:49 本頁面
【正文】 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University Tan Weiping 2 Contents ?Upper Respiratory Infection ?Acute infectious Laryngitis ?Acute Bronchitis ?Bronchiolitis ?Pneumonia 3 Anatomy upper respiratory tract(URT) ? Cricoid Cartilage lower respiratory tract(LRT) ? URT ： Nose、 pharynx 、 Uvula 、 Larynx 、 auditory tube、 paranasal sinuses ? LRT ： Trachea、 bronchia 、 bronchiole、the respiratory bronchiole、 the alveolar duct and the alveolus 4 5 6 Anatomy characteristics ? upper respiratory tract ? Nose: cilia↓ , capillary↑ ? Sinuses: mucous ? Auditory tube ? tonsil ? Larynx 7 ? lower respiratory tract： ? Weak Cartilage Supporting , ciliary function impairment ? Right bronchus :straight , large ? Collagen and elastin fibers， capillary， interstitial tissue ? Thorax： chest wall, respiratory muscle； diaphragm， mediastinum 8 Physiological characteristics ? The pensatory ability ↓ ? Respiratory rate↑ ? Pattern of respiration ?Gasexchanging membrane :diffuse rate CO2＞ O2 ?Resistance of airway: child ＞ adult 9 Arterial blood gas examination (1) pH↓ acidosis； (2) PaO2↓ SaO2 ↓ hypoxemia； (3)PaCO2↑ carbon dioxide retention malventilation 10 The Immunological Characteristics： ?Impaired mucociliary clearance function ?SIgA↓ 、 IgA↓ 、 IgG↓ subtype of IgG ↓ ?Alveolar macrophages ↓ , lysozyme ↓ lactoferrin ↓ 、 interferon ↓ plement ↓ 11 Upper Respiratory Infection (URI, or Common Cold) 1. Etiology 90% viruses, the majority of colds. rhinoviruses ,coronaviruses. parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus. 2. season fall and winter 3. Frequency three to eight colds a year. 12 Inoculation by virus Invasion of epithelium of Release of nasopharynx,sinuses and URT cellular damage Inflammatory of nasopharynx mediators in Cholinergic nasal secretions stimulation Increased Increased vascular mucus Permeability production
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