homonereplacementtherapy(hrt)：激素替代療法hrt(已修改)
2025-01-29 06:14 本頁面
【正文】 MENOPAUSE WHAT ? ? Menopause is a deviation of the ancient Greek words menos ( month) and pauses (ending). ? The menopause is sometimes known as the 39。change of life39。 and is marked by the ending of menstruation. WHAT? ? It be defined with certainty after twelve months39。 spontaneous amenorrhoea. ? End of reproductive life. Age (years) Premenopause Postmenopause MENOPAUSE 1 YEAR Perimenopause ― Climacteric‖ RELATED TERMINOLOGY WHEN? ? Menopausal age: 4555 years (mean : years) ? If the menopause occurs in a woman who is under 45 years of age, it is known as premature menopause. ? Late menopause: 55 years old WHEN? ? Other factors that can affect the age at which women have their final period include age at menarche, parity, previous oral contraceptive history ethnicity and family history. WHY? RELATIVE ACTIVITY OF ESTROGEN WHY? ? The menopause is the end of egg production (ovulation). This occurs as a result of falling levels of the female sex hormone oestrogen, which regulates a woman39。s periods. WHY? ? The menopause results from a fall in the level of the female hormone oestrogen in the blood. WHY? ? At a hormonal level as ovarian follicular activity begins to fail, oestrogen and progesterone levels fall and the reduced negative feedback to the pituitary causes a rise in luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). HOW? ? Oestrogen reduction eventually results in menstrual cycle disruption and other menopausal symptoms. HOW? ? Oestrogen reduction eventually results in menstrual cycle disruption and other menopausal symptoms. * FSH high (30 – 170 mU/ml) * LH high (20 – 80 mU/ml) * Estradiol low ( 110 pmol/L) Vasomotor Symptoms Sleep Disorders Menstrual Disorders Mood Changes Vaginal Atrophy Dyspareunia Skin Atrophy Osteoporosis Atherosclerosis Coronary Heart Disease Cerebrovascular Disease 40 yrs 50 yrs Menopause 60 yrs SYMPTOMS! ONSET OF SYMPTOMS IN RELATION TO AGE OF MEN
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