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Effects of Probiotics on Human Health and Mechnisms TongCun Zhang, Tianjin Univ. of Scienceamp。Technology Outline ? What are probiotics? ? How do they work? ? Current proposed uses and a look at some of the evidence ? Issues in prescribing their use Probiotics concept ? Probiotics are defined as ‘living microanisms, which upon ingestion in certain numbers exert health benefits beyond general nutrition’ Intensive research area in the world…….. Probiotics ? Lactobacillus sp. – reuteri – casei – ramnosus – acidophilus ? Streptococcus sp. ? Bifidobacterium sp. – infantis – lactis – longum – breve ? Sacharomyces boulardii (nonhuman) ? Acid tolerance ? Bile tolerance ? Cell surface hydrophobicity ? Protoplast regeneration ? Antimicrobial activity ? Cholesterol removal and bile salt deconjugation ? Gut colonization ? Lactose removal ? Protease and aminopeptidase activity Probiotics attributes Probiotics: Proposed uses ? Infectious diarrhea ? Antibioticassociated diarrhea ? IBD, IBS, and pouchitis ? Necrotizing Enterocolitis ? Bacterial vaginosis ? Recurre