二、動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)(已修改)
2024-10-15 15:52 本頁面
【正文】 1 二、動(dòng)詞的語態(tài) ? As has been pointed out, a sentence/ clause whose predicator(predicate verb) is active is called an “active sentence”, and a sentence/ clause whose predicator (predicate verb) is passive is called a “passive sentence”. The subject in the active sentence is the agent or doer of an action, and in the passive the recipient of the action. ? 各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式大致可歸納如下： 2 一般時(shí)態(tài) 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn) 在 am is given are am is being given are has been given have 過 去 was given were was being given were had been given 將 來 shall be given will X X X (shall have been given) ( will 過去將來 should be given would X X X (should have been given) ( would 3 1) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要在下面幾種情況下用 ： ? a 我們不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(這時(shí)都不帶由 by引起的短語 )： ? Such books are written for children. 這種書是為兒童寫的。 ? When will the road be opened to traffic? 這條路什么時(shí)候通車？ ? We haven’t been told about it. 沒有人通知我們這件事。 ? b 動(dòng)作承受者是談話的中心 (這時(shí)可帶有 by引起的短語 )： ? The store is run by the trade union. 這家店是工會(huì)辦的。 4 ? The song was posed by a student. 這首歌曲是一個(gè)學(xué)生譜寫的。 ? The lathe was designed by ourselves. 這個(gè)車床是我們自己設(shè)計(jì)的。 ? c出于禮貌措辭圓通等方面的考慮不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰 ： ? You are requested to give a performance. 請(qǐng)你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。 ? It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 這樣做一般認(rèn)為是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹? ? You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Teachers’s Club at 3 . Nov. 23. 謹(jǐn)定于 11月 23日下午 3時(shí)在教師俱樂部舉行晚會(huì)，敬請(qǐng)光臨。 （ｅｎｄ） 5 2)passive voice of phrasal verbs:when used transitively, phrasal verbs can be made passive. ? A) passive voice of basic phrasal verbs ? Phrasal verbs have three basic forms: “verb + preposition”, “verb + adverb ” and “verb + adverb + preposition”. ? In the transformation from the active into the passive, these forms are mostly treated as single word verbs, and both the adverb and the preposition should remain immediately after the verb. 6 ? a) verb + preposition, eg: look after, look into, talk about: ? The children are well looked after. ? This matter is being looked into. ? Other possibilities were talked about at the meeting. ? b) verb + adverb , eg: set up, put off, bring about: ? When was the hospital set up? ? The sport meet is to be put off. ? A new outburst of revolutionary enthusiasm will soon be brought about. 7 ? c) verb + adverb + preposition, eg: do away with, face up to, put up with: ? That sort of thing should be done away with. ? There’s no running away from the facts。 they just have to be faced up to. ? Such a state of things cannot be put up with. ? B) passive voice of “verb + noun + preposition” ? The “verb + n
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