【正文】 編號(hào) 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 題目： 基于射頻技術(shù)的 停車場(chǎng)控制器的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)院 專業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào) 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 二〇一六 年 六 月 設(shè)計(jì)總說明 I 設(shè)計(jì)總說明 隨著國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展，越來越多的人擁有了自己的車，這給有車一族的日常停車造成了許多麻煩，這樣的現(xiàn)狀促使大家發(fā)現(xiàn)更高技術(shù)的手段來有效地面對(duì)類似情況．智能化停車場(chǎng)就是為了滿足當(dāng)代人們 的需求而面世的一種結(jié)果．智能化停車場(chǎng)控制系統(tǒng)這一發(fā)明不僅可以有效地處理因隨便停車導(dǎo)致的交通雜亂的情況，同時(shí)也大量地節(jié)約了人力和停車資源．然而中國(guó)對(duì)智能停車場(chǎng)的研究起步較晚，發(fā)展也比較慢，在日本、新加坡等發(fā)達(dá)的城市已經(jīng)開始運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的智能停車場(chǎng)的情況下，我國(guó)的市場(chǎng)還處在初級(jí)的不夠成熟的階段．所以我們要盡快地研究出適合我國(guó)交通發(fā)展的智能停車場(chǎng)并將其投入到實(shí)際運(yùn)用中來． 本文以停車場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用為背景，主要從三個(gè)方面對(duì)基于射頻技術(shù)的停車場(chǎng)控制器的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述：控制系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)、硬件設(shè)計(jì)及軟件設(shè)計(jì)．本設(shè)計(jì)的控制對(duì) 象是一個(gè)封閉的公共停車場(chǎng)，并決定采用 STC89C52 型單片機(jī)作為基于頻射技術(shù)的停車場(chǎng)控制系統(tǒng)的主控制核心，同時(shí)也運(yùn)用到了 LCD1602 液晶顯示屏和 DS1302 計(jì)時(shí)器．另外，本設(shè)計(jì)還包含了射頻模塊、車位檢測(cè)、出入控制這四個(gè)功能模塊．同時(shí)也包含了電源電路、地感線圈檢測(cè)電路、顯示電路、計(jì)時(shí)電路、復(fù)位電路等在內(nèi)的幾個(gè)電路．停車場(chǎng)用戶中分為臨時(shí)用戶與長(zhǎng)期用戶兩種對(duì)象，本系統(tǒng)主要是針對(duì)車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)、車輛出入停車場(chǎng)控制以及停車自動(dòng)收費(fèi)的設(shè)計(jì)．本設(shè)計(jì)將會(huì)通過射頻智能識(shí)別技術(shù)對(duì)進(jìn)出停車場(chǎng)的車輛實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)車輛信息的讀取進(jìn)而進(jìn)行車輛 出入的自動(dòng)化控制和自動(dòng)收費(fèi)等功能，來達(dá)到對(duì)停車場(chǎng)全方位智能化控制的目的．系統(tǒng)是通過使用遠(yuǎn)程讀卡器來讀取車輛相關(guān)的信息，通過地感線圈檢測(cè)來識(shí)別出入停車場(chǎng)的車輛，從而控制自動(dòng)升降的閘桿機(jī)．除此之外，系統(tǒng)還可以記錄下車輛出入停車場(chǎng)的時(shí)間以及車輛停放的車位位置，這樣可以更加方便系統(tǒng)計(jì)算停車費(fèi)用．在軟件部分，主要是通過對(duì)車輛進(jìn)出停車場(chǎng)的流程以及如何進(jìn)行尋卡讀卡的過程加以描述和實(shí)現(xiàn)。 這個(gè)基于頻射技術(shù)的停車場(chǎng)控制器系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的停車場(chǎng)控制系統(tǒng)相比而言價(jià)格低廉、操作簡(jiǎn)單、安裝與調(diào)試方便．不僅可以滿足智能停車場(chǎng)控制系統(tǒng)的基本 要求，同時(shí)也可以在很大程度上減少人力的投入，并且可以大大降低因人工造成的錯(cuò)誤而導(dǎo)致的損失．本設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)際使用開發(fā)將會(huì)在很大程度上改善停車場(chǎng)停車相對(duì)混亂的的現(xiàn)狀，并可以減少管理成本． 關(guān)鍵詞： 停車場(chǎng)； STC89C52 單片機(jī)；車輛檢測(cè)；自動(dòng)收費(fèi) Abstract II ABSTRACT With the rising number of car ownership in China,it brought a lot of trouble to people in their daily parking life,this status led people to look for effective means to solve the inconvenience problem. Intelligent parking lot is the product in order to meet the requirements of people,the emergence of parking lot control system not only can effectively solve traffic chaos but also save manpower and material , the research of intelligent parking lot China starts relatively late, development is slow, in Japan, Singapore and other developed city has already begun under the condition of using advanced intelligent par king lot, the market of our country is still at the primary enough mature stage. So we should work out as soon as possible for the intelligent parking lot traffic development in China and put it into practice. Based on parking system as the background, this paper mainly from three aspects of parking lots based on the technology of radio frequency controller design are detail described: overall design, hardware design and software design of control design of the control object is a closed public parking lots, and decided to adopt the type STC89C52 singlechip as parking lot based on the technology of frequency control system of the master control core, At the same time also apply to the LCD1602 LCD display and 1302 timer. In addition, this design also includes radio frequency module, parking space detection, access control these four function module. At the same time also includes power circuit, ground sense coil detection circuit, display circuit, timing circuit, reset circuit, several into temporary parking lot users user and user two objects for a long time, this system is mainly aimed at the vehicle detection system, automatic vehicle access control and parking charge design. This design will be through the radio frequency intelligent identification technology of in and out of the parking lot vehicle car out of the vehicle information read then automation control and the automatic charging function, to achieve the purpose of the prehensive intelligent control to the parking lot. The system is through the use of remote card reader to read the vehicle information, through the ground sense coil testing to identify the vehicle in and out of the parking lot and to control the brake lever of the automatic lifting machine. In addition, the system can also record the vehicle in and out of the parking lot of the time, and parking parking location, so that we can more convenient parking fee system calculation. In the software part, mainly through to the vehicle in and out of the parking lot of the process and how to find card read card described and the process of implementation. This parking lot based on the technology of frequency controller system pared with the traditional parking lot control system for low cost, simple operation, easy installation and debugging. Not only can satisfy the basic requirement of the intelligent parking lot control system, but also can largely reduce the manpower, and can greatly reduce the losses caused by the artificial errors. This design the actual use of the development will largely improve the present situation of the parking lot relatively chaos, and can reduce the management cost. Keywords: Parking lot。 STC89C52 Monolithic machine。 Vehicle Detection。 License Plate Identification目錄 i 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 .......................................................................................................... 1 課題的設(shè)計(jì)背景與研究意義 .............................................................................................. 1 停車場(chǎng)控制系統(tǒng)的國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀與將來趨勢(shì) ...................................................................... 2 本文組織結(jié)構(gòu) ...................................................................................................................... 2 第 2 章 控制系統(tǒng)總體方案與設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 5 控制系統(tǒng)總體介紹 .............................................................................................................. 5 控制系統(tǒng)框架 ...................................................................................................................... 5 射頻出入控制技術(shù) .............................................................................................................. 6 射頻識(shí)別控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 ................................................................................................... 6 射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)的工作原理 ................................................................................................... 7 射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 ......