【正文】 南京林業(yè)大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文 1 提供全套畢業(yè)論文圖紙，歡迎咨詢 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計 （ 論文 ） 題 目： 微生物菌劑在糞便與秸稈混合堆肥中 的應(yīng)用研究 學(xué) 院： 化學(xué)工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 環(huán)境工程 班 級： 1002051 學(xué) 號： 100205111 學(xué)生姓名： 指 導(dǎo)教師： 職稱： 副教授 二○一四年六月 南京林業(yè)大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文 2 微生物菌劑在糞便與秸稈混合堆肥中的應(yīng)用研究 摘 要 目前我國農(nóng)業(yè)固體廢棄物的污染已成為我國農(nóng)村環(huán)境保護(hù)的主要問題，尤其是秸稈的焚燒造成了嚴(yán)重的大氣污染。然而秸稈和畜禽糞便其實是 一種可利用的再生資源。堆肥處理技術(shù)是能夠使畜禽糞便實現(xiàn)資源化利用的重要技術(shù)。本課題通過自制的微生物菌劑，應(yīng)用于秸稈與糞便的混合堆肥，可促進(jìn)其堆肥化進(jìn)程，有利于有機(jī)肥的制備，從而有效地解決農(nóng)業(yè)固體廢棄物的污染。 本實驗通過模擬堆肥環(huán)境，進(jìn)行實驗室固態(tài)發(fā)酵模擬實驗并自制小型堆肥裝置。微生物菌劑分別應(yīng)用于秸稈的固態(tài)發(fā)酵和自制堆肥裝置中，測定堆肥化過程中原料的各項指標(biāo)，檢測微生物菌劑的效果。得到的主要實驗結(jié)論如下： （ 1）根據(jù)微生物的性質(zhì)將其分組，每種微生物以 1： 1 比例混合，然后在實驗室固態(tài)發(fā)酵試驗中應(yīng)用，測定指標(biāo) ，比較效果。結(jié)果表明，微生物種類最多的一組（第 4 組）作用效果最好，含水率降低了 35%，總有機(jī)碳含量降低了 130g?kg1，總氮含量提高了 g?kg1，總磷含量提高了 g?kg1等，效果最好。 （ 2）將微生物菌劑應(yīng)用到實驗室堆肥裝置中，設(shè)置空白對照組、市場菌劑對照組和實驗組，通過測定堆肥過程中各指標(biāo)，得出添加自制微生物菌劑的實驗組效果最好，溫度最高升至 49℃，含水率降低了 30%，總有機(jī)碳降低了 55g?kg1，總氮提高了 g?kg1，總磷含量提高了 g?kg1等。通過 紅外光譜觀察秸稈在堆肥前后各官能團(tuán)的變化情況，結(jié)果表明實驗組中秸稈中 OH、 COH、木質(zhì)素環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)等發(fā)生了較大變化。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 微生物菌劑；秸稈；糞便；堆肥；固態(tài)發(fā)酵；堆肥裝置 南京林業(yè)大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文 3 Application Research on Microbial Agent in Coposting of Manure and Straw Abstract At present in our country agricultural solid waste pollution has bee the main problem of China39。s rural environmental protection, and especially the straw burning caused serious air pollution. However, straw and livestock manure are renewable resources. Composting technology is an important technology which can be used for the utilization of live stock and poultry manure resources. In this paper, the microbial agent for the coposting of straw and manure was researched, which can promote the posting process for anic fertilizer preparation, so as to effectively dispose agricultural solid waste pollution. This experiment simulated post environment, making laboratory plot of solid state experiment and miniature posting device. Microbial agents are used in solid state fermentation of straw and the selfmade posting device, detecting the efficiency of microbial agents by determining the indicators of raw materials in the process of posting. The main conclusions are as follows： (1) The microbes are grouped according to the properties, and mixed by 1： 1. Then them were applied in the solidstate fermentation, measured the index and pared the effect. The result shows that the Group Fourth with the largest group of microbial species had the best effect。 the moisture content decreased by 35%, the total anic carbon content declined by 130 g/kg, total nitrogen content increased by g/ kg, total phosphorus content rose by g / kg. (2) The microbial agents were applied to the laboratory posting device, and three groups were set up。 the blank control group, the market agent control group and the experimental group. It declared that the experimental with microbial agent group was the best by determining the indexes of posting process. The highest temperature rose to 49 ℃ , moisture content declined by 30%, total anic carbon decreased by 55 g/kg, the total nitrogen increased by g g/kg, total phosphorus content increased by g/kg. It observed that some functional groups such as –OH, COH and the rings of lignin had great changes by the FTIR. 南京林業(yè)大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文 4 Key words： microbial agents。 straw。 manure。 post。 solidstate fermentation。 device 南京林業(yè)大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文 5 目 錄 1 緒 論 ........................................................................................................................................... 1 禽畜糞便綜合利用現(xiàn)狀 ......................................................................................................... 1 禽畜糞便排放現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................... 1 豬糞的性質(zhì)特點 ......................................................................................................... 1 禽畜糞便污染的危害 ................................................................................................. 1 禽畜糞便的利用現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................................. 2 秸稈的綜合利用現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................................... 2 秸稈的性質(zhì)特點 ........................................................................................................ 2 焚燒秸稈的危害 ........................................................................................................ 3 秸稈的資源化利用 .................................................................................................... 3 堆肥機(jī)理及影響因 素 ............................................................................................................ 4 堆肥原理 ................................................................................................................... 4 堆肥過程 ................................................................................................................... 5 堆肥發(fā)酵的影響因素 .................................................................................................. 5 腐熟指標(biāo) ................................................................................................................... 8 本課題研究內(nèi)容 ................................................................................................................... 9 研究內(nèi)容 ................................................................................................................... 9 課題的研究目的和意義 .............................................................................................. 9 2 實驗材料與方法 ........................................................................................................................... 10 微生物菌劑的固態(tài)發(fā)酵試