【正文】 河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 題 目 國產(chǎn)汽車行業(yè)競爭力分析 學(xué) 院 機電工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級 交通運輸 07 級 2班 撰寫日期： 2020 年 5 月 5 日 1 摘 要 汽車業(yè)作為一個產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)性強、需求價格彈性和收入價格彈性高、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟效益明顯、資金和技術(shù)密集度較高的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)，對整個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展起到了重要拉動作用。2020年，我國汽車累計生產(chǎn) 1300 萬輛， 同比增長創(chuàng)歷年最高 ， 使我國成為世界第一汽車生產(chǎn)和消費國 。同時， 統(tǒng)計顯示， 2020 年我國 汽車產(chǎn)量為 1826 萬輛，比上年增長 32％，占全球當年汽車總產(chǎn)量的 ％ ， 連續(xù)第二年保持第一汽車制造大國的地位 。雖然我國的汽車業(yè)發(fā)展迅速很快，但我國汽車業(yè)的競爭力卻還很弱小。國內(nèi)汽車制造業(yè)“增產(chǎn)不增收”的局面日漸嚴重，單車利潤呈逐年下降的態(tài)勢。汽車企業(yè)相互之間的競爭仍然局限在低成本、低價格的層面，缺乏創(chuàng)新技術(shù)和自主品牌。在此背景下，本文從競爭力的基本理論出發(fā)，結(jié)合我國汽車整車業(yè)、汽車零部件業(yè)、汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群等方面的現(xiàn)狀，與汽車業(yè)先進國家進行了對比分析，對我國汽車業(yè)的競爭力狀況做了相對 客觀的評價并提出了一系列提高我國汽車業(yè)競爭力的措施。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：汽車業(yè)；競爭力；現(xiàn)狀；措施 2 Competitive Analysis of Domestic Auto Industry Abstract As strong industry relevance, higher price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of ine, significant economies of scale, higher capital and technologyintensive degree in modern industry, automotive industry plays a very important role in driving to the development of the entire national economy. In 2020, China39。s total production of 13 million vehicles, an increase of a record high, makes China the world39。s automobile production and the consumer. Meanwhile, statistics show that China39。s auto output in 2020 was 18,260,000, an increase of 32% of the world % of total automobile output that year, the second consecutive year to maintain the status of the first automobile manufacturing country. Although China39。s auto industry is developing rapidly, the petitiveness of China39。s automobile industry is still very weak. The domestic auto industry, increasing output without increasing situation bees more serious, cycling profits showing a declining trend. Competition among auto panies is still limited to lowcost, low price level, lack of innovation and independent brands. In this context, this article makes a contractive analysis to the industry in advanced countries from the basic theory of petition, bined with China39。s automobile industry, the auto parts industry, automobile industry cluster and so the status quo。 makes a relatively objective condition assessment on the petitiveness of China’s automobile industry and proposes a series of measures to improve the petitiveness of China’s automobile industry. Key Words： Auto Industry； Competitiveness； Status； Measures 1 目 錄 1 引言 .................................................................................................................................... 1 2 競爭力評價的基本理論 .................................................................................................... 1 競爭力的涵義及特征 ..................................................................................................... 1 競爭力的涵義 .............................................................................................................. 1 競爭力的特征 .............................................................................................................. 2 產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力的內(nèi)涵 ................................................................................................. 3 產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力的涵義 .............................................................................................. 4 產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力的內(nèi)涵 .............................................................................................. 4 3 國產(chǎn)汽車業(yè)競爭力的現(xiàn)狀及分析 .................................................................................... 5 國產(chǎn)汽車整車業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................... 5 汽車產(chǎn)銷量增長迅猛 .................................................................................................. 5 整車出口高速增長 ...................................................................................................... 5 中國汽車整車業(yè)存在的問題 ....................................................................................... 6 中國汽車零部件業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 6 中國汽車零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)取得突破性進展 ...................................................................... 6 國產(chǎn)汽車零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的問題 .............................................................................. 8 國產(chǎn)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 9 國產(chǎn)各區(qū)域汽車業(yè)集群現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................... 10 國產(chǎn)汽車業(yè)集群存在的問題 .................................................................................... 12 國產(chǎn)汽車業(yè)競爭力的國際比較 ................................................................................... 12 對日本汽車業(yè)競爭力的分析 .................................................................................... 12 中國汽車業(yè)競爭力的分析 ........................................................................................ 14 4 國產(chǎn)汽車業(yè)競爭力低的原因 .......................................................................................... 15 自主開發(fā)能力差 ............................................................................................................ 15 相關(guān) 產(chǎn)業(yè)落后 ............................................................................................................... 16 產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部發(fā)展不均衡 ................................................................................................... 16 汽車銷售模式不成熟 ................................................................................................... 16 需求開發(fā)不足 ............................................................................................................... 17 產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不合理 ........................................................................................................ 17 2 產(chǎn)品價格過高 ............................................................................................................ 17 派生需求產(chǎn)品如油價居高不下 ................................................................................ 17 汽車零部件質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定性差 ..............................................................