【正文】 Unit 1 一、真題文章 (1994 年 ) 2020 考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng) 新東方 印建坤坤版權(quán)所有，知識寶庫考研社區(qū)精心制作 The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the munication cycle. Too often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his prehension。 hence, the transmissionreception system breaks down. Moreover， inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners. 二、譯文 與語言相關(guān)的，可以討論的首要的和最小的單位是詞。說話時(shí)，選詞是最重要的。適當(dāng)?shù)倪x詞可以消除交際 過程中可能出現(xiàn)的障礙。用詞粗心大意往往阻礙說話人和聽話人的思想交流。說話人使用的詞匯可能引起聽話人 的反感，從而 干擾其理解。因此，這傳輸信息 ——接受信息系統(tǒng)就會(huì)中斷。 而且，詞義不準(zhǔn)確或不明確的詞使聽話人難于聽懂傳遞給他的信息。說話人的常用詞匯中如沒有詳細(xì)而精 確的詞的話，就不可能用聽話人能理解的方式進(jìn)行解釋或描述。 三、考研核心詞匯 choice / tFCis / n. 選擇 ,抉擇 , 精選品 , 選擇機(jī)會(huì) , 選擇權(quán) adj. 精選的 , 上等的 , 挑三揀四的 , 可選的 , 寵愛的 , 愛惜的 [例 ] She had to make a choice between the two dresses. 她得在兩件衣服 中選擇一件。 [同義 ] alternative ， cream ， decision ， option， pick， preference ， selection [派生 ] choose / tFu:z / v. 選擇 , 選定 [固定搭配 ] at one39。s own choice 隨意挑選 , 自由選擇； be choice of 好挑剔的； utmost / 5QtmEust / n. 極限 , 最大可能 , 極力 adj. 極度的 , 最遠(yuǎn)的 [例 ] the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角 [同義 ] extreme, farthest ,greatest, most [固定搭配 ] at the utmost至多； do one39。s utmost 盡全力； make the utmost of ... 充分利用； to the utmost 竭力 。 盡力； reaction / ri(:)5AkFEn / n. 反應(yīng) , 反作用 , 反動(dòng) (力 ) [例 ] What is his reaction to your proposal? 他對你的建議有什么反應(yīng) ? [反義 ] action / 5AkFEn / n. 動(dòng)作 , 作用 , 戰(zhàn)斗 , 行動(dòng) , 舉動(dòng) , 行為 , (戲劇或書中 )的情節(jié) , (某一地區(qū)、領(lǐng)域或團(tuán) 體中 )最能產(chǎn)生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活動(dòng) vt. 對 ...起訴 [派生 ] react / ri5Akt / vi. 起反應(yīng) , 起作用 , 反抗 , 起反作用 reactive / ri(:)5Aktiv / adj. 反應(yīng)的 , 起反作用的 , 反動(dòng)的 , 電抗性的 interfere / 7intE5fiE / vi. 干 涉 , 干預(yù) , 妨礙 , 打擾 [例 ] I was playing with Jane, but Anne interfered and spoiled the game. 我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了進(jìn)來，把游戲給打亂了。 [同義 ] arbitrate, encroach, intercede ,interrupt, intervene, intrude, meddle [派生 ] interference /7intE5fiErEns/ n. 沖突 , 干涉 [固定搭配 ] interfere in 干涉 , 干預(yù)； interfere with 妨礙 。 干涉 , 干擾； prehension /7kCmpri5henFEn/ n. 理解 , 包含 [例 ] Reading depends on the prehension of the ideas expressed by the words used. 閱讀有賴于對所用詞句所表達(dá)的含義的理解。 [同義 ] apprehension [反義 ] inprehension / in7kCmpri5henFEn / n. 不了解 , 不領(lǐng)悟 [派生 ] prehensive /7kCmpri5hensiv/ adj. 全面的 , 廣泛的 , 能充分理解的 , 包容的 prehend /7kCmpri5hend/ vt. 領(lǐng)會(huì) , 理解 , 包括 (包含 ), 由 ...組成 hence / hens / adv. 因此 , 從此 [例 ] They grew up in the Sudan。 hence their interest in Nubian art. 他們在蘇丹長大；由是產(chǎn)生了對努比亞藝術(shù)的興趣 [同義 ] accordingly, away, consequently, elsewhere, from now on, later therefore [反義 ] ago / E5^Eu / adv. 以前的 , 以往的 transmission / trAnz5miFEn / n. 播送 , 發(fā)射 , 傳動(dòng) , 傳送 , 傳輸 , 轉(zhuǎn)播 [例 ] transmission of news 消息的傳播 [同義 ] sending ,transport, transfer, broadcast [反義 ] reception / ri5sepFEn / n. 接待 , 招待會(huì) , 接收 [派生 ] transmissible / trAnz5misEbl / adj. 可傳送的 , 可遺傳的 transmit / trAnz5mit / vt. 傳輸 , 轉(zhuǎn)送 , 傳達(dá) , 傳導(dǎo) , 發(fā)射 , 遺傳 , 傳播 , 發(fā)報(bào) inaccurate / in5Akjurit / adj. 錯(cuò)誤的 , 不準(zhǔn)確的 [例 ] There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. 這張?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)圖中有一點(diǎn)不大準(zhǔn)確。 [同義 ] incorrect , inexact [反義 ] accurate / 5Akjurit / adj. 正確的 , 精確的 [派生 ] inaccuracy / in5AkjurEsi / n. 錯(cuò)誤 indefinite / in5definit / adj. 模糊的 , 不確定的 , [語 ]不定的 [例 ] an indefinite leave of absence 對在場者的離席無明確限制的 [同義 ] broad, confused, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear, vague [反義 ] definite / 5definit / adj. 明確的 , 一定的 [派生 ] indefinitely / in5definitli / adv. 不確定地 四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1. And price is the number one factor influencing consumers39。 __________ of vehicle in China, with 98% of respondents naming it, pared with 82% of UK consumers and 83% of those in the . A. desire B. conclusion C. choice D. purpose 2. Although the rain pours down with the ________ relentlessness, ceasing all outdoor activities, the man of the field lifts his face to the heavens and smiles. A. top B. utmost C. graceful D. dissipated 3. The Romantic Movement, which started as a ________ against the industrial revolution of the century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europe39。s most successful entrepreneurs and industrialists. A. constancy B. construction C. convention D. reaction 4. First of all, don’t let your emotions ________ with your vision. Don t see something because you want to see it. A. interfere B. interpret C. consolidate D. ply 5. To prevent local __________ of the disease, mosquitobreeding places must be eliminated. A. transference B. transmission C. change D. console 答案： CBDAB Unit 2 一、 真題文章 Sleep is divided into periods of socalled REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of nonREM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all wellunderstood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of nonREM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of nonREM sleep . For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look pletely normal