【正文】 pEuz / v. 處理 , 處置 , 部署 vt. 布置 , 安排 , 除去 , 使愿意 fundamentally / fQndE5mentElI / adv. 基礎(chǔ)地 , 根本地 [例 ] She is fundamentally unsuited to office work. 她根本不適合做辦公室工作。 [同義 ] primarily [派生 ] fundament / 5fQndEmEnt / n. 基礎(chǔ) , 基本原理 , 臀部 fundamental / 7fQndE5mentl / adj. 基礎(chǔ)的 , 基本的 n. 基本原則 , 基本原理 pension / 5penFEn / n. 養(yǎng)老金 , 退休金 [例 ] ―Some French farmers suggest that the Government pension off the older and less efficient farmers‖(. Dionne, Jr.) ―一些法國(guó)農(nóng)夫向政府建議讓那些年長(zhǎng)的或工作效率低下的農(nóng)夫領(lǐng)取退休金或 補(bǔ)助金而退休 ‖(小 ) [同義 ] aid, allowance, assistance, grant, help, stipend [派生 ] pensionable / `penFLnEbl / adj. 有資格領(lǐng)退休金的 , 可領(lǐng)退休金的 loyal / 5lCiEl / adj. 忠誠(chéng)的 , 忠心的 [例 ] The people stayed loyal to their country. 人民忠于他們的國(guó)家。 [同義 ] devoted, dutiful, faithful, obedient, true, trustworthy [反義 ] disloyal / dis5lCiEl / adj. 不忠的 , 背叛的 , 不忠誠(chéng)的 [派生 ] loyalty / 5lCIEltI / n. 忠誠(chéng) , 忠心 四、 強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1. Buying a train or a bus ticket used to be a major hassle. Now any hotel or travel ________ can book your tickets A. resource B. recollection C. agency D. agony 2. He’s just like a fly hanging around. Sorry, not a fly. It’s a________ of flies flying near your ears A. bunch B. swarm C. lump D. pile 3. They were ________, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. A. giant B. clever C. delight D. light 4. Nowadays the average age at which people settle down and marry is much older than it was 30 years ago, so singles will tend to have more________ ine.‖ A. dependent B. redundant C. professional D. disposable 5. John Mills was a great actor, a true gentleman and a ________ friend。 someone who made us proud to be British, Blair said in a statement. A. loyal B. liar C. gangster D. predominant 答案： CBADA Unit 5 一、 真題文章 Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a pletely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, however, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 二、 譯文 直到不久以前，絕大部分歷史學(xué)家對(duì)工業(yè)革命仍持批評(píng)的態(tài)度。他們承認(rèn)，從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看工業(yè)化大大地 提高了普通人的生活水平。但是，他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為在 1750 至 1850 年間，工業(yè)革命所造成的直接后果是給大多數(shù) 英國(guó)民眾帶來(lái)了普遍的貧窮和困苦。相比之下，他們認(rèn)為在那之前的一百年，即 1650 至 1750 年，那時(shí)英國(guó)依舊 還是個(gè)完全的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)，但那是一個(gè)富裕繁榮的歷史時(shí)期。 然而，人們普遍認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。歷史學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的專家已經(jīng)證明了兩件事：從 1650 年到 1750 年期間以極度貧困為特征，而工業(yè)化顯然沒有使這種狀況惡化；事實(shí)上卻可能改善了絕大多數(shù)平民百姓的 生活條件。 三、 考研核心詞匯 industrialization / in7dQstriElai5zeiFn / n. 工業(yè)化 , 產(chǎn)業(yè)化 [例 ] bring about industrialization 實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化 [派生 ] industrialize / in5dQstriElaiz / vt. 使工業(yè)化 vi. 工業(yè)化 average / 5AvEridV / n. 平均 , 平均水平 , 平均數(shù) , 海損 adj. 一般的 , 通常的 , 平均的 vt. 平均為 , 均分 , 使平衡 , 達(dá)到平均水平 vi. 買進(jìn) , 賣 出 [例 ] What is the average rainfall for August in your country? 你們國(guó)家八月份的平均降雨量是多少 ? [同義 ] fair, medium, middle, ordinary, passable, usual [反義 ] maximum / 5mAksimEm / n. 最大量 , 最大限度 , 極大 adj. 最高的 , 最多的 , 最大極限的 , minimum / 5minimEm / adj. 最小的 , 最低的 n. 最小值 , 最小化 [派生 ] averagely / 5AvEridVli / adv. 平均地 , 一般地 [固定搭配 ] law of averages 平均律； on (an) average 通常；按平均； widespread / 5waIdspred, 5spred / adj. 分布廣泛的 , 普遍的 [例 ] a widespread disease 一種流行病 [派生 ] widespreader / 5waid5spredE / 撒布裝置 misery / 5mizEri / n. 痛苦 , 苦惱 , 悲慘 , 不幸 , 窮困 [例 ] Misery loves pany. 同病相憐。 [同義 ] distress [反義 ] happiness / 5hApinis / n. 幸福 , 快樂 [派生 ] miserable / 5mizErEbl / adj. 痛苦的 , 悲慘的 , 可憐 preceding / pri(:)5si:diN / adj. 在前的 , 前述的 [例 ] the preceding night 前 一晚 [同義 ] previous, prior ,former [派生 ] precede / pri(:)5si:d / v. 領(lǐng)先 (于 ), 在 ...之前 , 先于 abundance / E5bQndEns / n. 豐富 , 充裕 , 豐富充裕 [例 ] The tree yields an abundance of fruit. 這樹結(jié)果甚多。 [同義 ] plenty , profusion [反義 ] lack / lAk / n. 缺乏 , 短缺的東西 vt. 缺乏 , 沒有 , 需要 vi. 缺乏 , 沒有 [派生 ] abundant / E5bQndEnt / adj. 豐富的 , 充裕的 , 豐富 , 盛產(chǎn) , 富于 specialist / 5speFElIst / n. 專門醫(yī)師 , 專家 [例 ] a specialist in oncology 一個(gè)腫瘤科醫(yī)生 [同義 ] expert [派生 ] special / 5speFEl / n. 特派員 , 專車 , ?？? adj. 特別的 , 特殊的 , 專門的 , populace / 5pCpjulEs / n. 平民 [例 ] majority of the populace 絕大多數(shù)平民百姓 四、 強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1. The _______ age at first marriage in the USA has been inching upward。 it39。s now 26 for women and 27 for men. A. first B. average C. fundamental D. essence 2. Kung Fu features abundant varieties and delicate skills and has bee __________physical exercises. A. valuable B. priceless C. widespread D. worthless 3. Of the January sun。 and not to think of any_________ in the sound of the wind, in the sound of a few leaves. A. prick B. prestige C. pressure D. misery 4. Rice may reign supreme in Vietnamese cuisine (烹飪 ), but fish and seafood are not far behind in significance or __________. A. abundance B. pretext C. pride D. pack 5. _________economic considerations are what the Chinese President termed three evil forces terrorism, ex