銀行業(yè)公允價(jià)值會(huì)計(jì)核算外文翻譯-會(huì)計(jì)審計(jì)(已修改)
2025-05-31 14:44 本頁面
【正文】 1 英文原文： FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING IN THE BANKING SECTOR Mary Pacaperscu The Financial Instruments Joint Working Group (JWG) of Standard Setters issued in December 2020 the consultative document entitled “Draft Standard and Basis for Conclusions – Financial Instruments and Similar Items”. The Draft Standard reviews and assesses an extensive use of fair value accounting (FVA) as the basis for the valuation of all financial instruments in a bank’s balance sheet. The work of the JWG is linked to the longterm strategy of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) – recently replaced by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) – to introduce a prehensive FVA framework for the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The JWG invited ments on the Draft Standard from all interested parties by 30 September 2020. The IASB will evaluate the longterm prospects of FVA in the light of the ments received. This note conveys the ments of the European Central Bank (ECB) on an important dimension of the proposal put forward by the JWG, notably the application of FVA to the banking sector. After reviewing the main innovations of the Draft Standard, the note focuses on the critical aspects associated with the application of a full FVA regime to the banking sector and presents a possible way forward. I. The main innovations of the Draft Standard for the banking sector The present accounting rules for banks in the European Union distinguish between financial instruments held for trading purposes (in the trading book) and those intended to be held to maturity (in the banking book). Instruments held in the trading book are valued at market prices. A profit and/or loss arising from the revaluation of trading book instruments is recognised in the profit and loss account. The accounting rules for the trading book thereby take all market risks (. price risk, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and liquidity risk) into account. Banking book instruments, by contrast, are carried in the balance sheet at the lower of historical cost and market value. Whereas a loss on a banking book instrument is transferred to the profit and loss account, unrealised gains are not recognised and can therefore bee hidden reserves in the balance sheet. Therefore, the accounting rules for the banking book do not take market risks into account (except for the foreign exchange risk, where the endperiod value is usually applied to almost all balance sheet items). The Draft Standard proposes a uniform
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