【正文】 see is Big Ben，the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834，the great clock would never have been Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being is not only of immense size，but is extremely accurate as from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a the can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock Ben has rarely gone ，however，it failed to give the correct painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這是《新概念英語》中的一篇經(jīng)典說明文，介紹了世界著名的“大本鐘”。文章開篇指明該鐘位于英國倫敦，且全世界的人們通過BBC就能夠聽到鐘聲。接下來講述了“大本鐘”的由來，特點(diǎn)——不僅外型巨大，而且走時(shí)準(zhǔn)確，在結(jié)尾處講了“大本鐘”的一個(gè)幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶掛在指針上，把鐘弄慢了。細(xì)讀這篇文章，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)區(qū)159個(gè)單詞就把“大本鐘”的光輝形象牢牢地刻在讀者的腦海里，為什么?本文基于事實(shí)，分析了主題的來龍去脈，語言簡潔又不失生動(dòng)貼切，作者態(tài)度客觀又充滿幽默，使讀者既“明白了事理”，又對(duì)事物有較完整明晰的了解認(rèn)識(shí)，此乃說明文之真諦也。以“Goals”為題打開一篇說明文的思路。參考思路1)目標(biāo)的分類：(可根據(jù)時(shí)間順序，空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，任選一個(gè)進(jìn)行分類和排列)2)各個(gè)類別的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)：3)組織成文：范文點(diǎn)評(píng)GoalsEveryone has people do not reach their goals for lack of three sets of goals should be developed： lifetime，intermediate and short goals should be written goals should be clear and instance，the goal to win a research prize is clear and lifetime goals might include publishing a certain number of influential books or articles，earning a departmental chairmanship at a major university，successfully peting for a grant from the National Science Foundation or securing a consultantship with a big goals relate to outes during the next few the beginning doctoral student，intermediate goals may include pletion of course work and preparation of a doctoral research lifetime goals，these are measurable and clearly goals involve outes expected during the next 12 goals are more performance oriented，and they help with achievement of intermediate of shortterm goals are earning an A in a course，learning how to program a puter or performing an experiment.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文介紹了人生的三種目標(biāo)：終生的、長期的和短期的目標(biāo)。在文中采用了說明文常用的方法：定義、舉例、分類和比較等。我們要了解并且要掌握的方法：(definition)定義法是用下定義的方式去揭示事物本質(zhì)特征或概念內(nèi)涵。它能使讀者迅速抓住本質(zhì)屬性和基本特點(diǎn)。此法的句型：① ? is a/the ? of ? which/that ?② ? relate to/involve/refer to ?【例】(1)Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which is used for human 。(2)Intermediate goals relate to outes during the next few years.(3)Shortterm goals involve outes expected during the next 12 (illustration)舉例法就是舉出實(shí)際事例來說明事物的方法，是最常見，往往也是最有效的闡釋模式。專家提醒舉例時(shí)應(yīng)挑選具體、典型且有能力表達(dá)清楚的例子，并注意按照一定的順序編排。請(qǐng)看上述范文第二段：“For instance”引出“l(fā)ifetime goals”的實(shí)例，如，贏得研究獎(jiǎng)金、出版有影響書或文章、獲得大學(xué)的系主任職位、獲得國家自然科學(xué)基金及大公司穩(wěn)定的顧問職位。(classification)分類法就是把說明的對(duì)象，按一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分成不同類別分別加以說明的方法。如：上述范文介紹人生的三種目標(biāo)，并按照時(shí)間的長短對(duì)終生目標(biāo)、長期目標(biāo)和短期目標(biāo)做了分類說明。(parison)比較法是用一個(gè)事物和與其有聯(lián)系的其他事物加以對(duì)比的說明方法。目的是為了幫助讀者準(zhǔn)確地區(qū)分事物，通過對(duì)比達(dá)到對(duì)該事物的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)。如：上述范文對(duì)三種人生目標(biāo)在時(shí)間上和實(shí)際操作上進(jìn)行了比較，并闡明了彼此的聯(lián)系。(1)Lifetime goals should be written out.(2)Like lifetime goals，these are measurable and clearly stated.(3)These goals are more performance oriented，and they help with achievement of intermediate (statistics)數(shù)字法是運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)來表明事物的本質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)確合理的數(shù)據(jù)使文章精確可信?！纠?1)Nearly half of all Americans over age 20 wear a bridge or denture，and more than 20 percent have plete upper and lower age 50，one out of every two persons has gum disease.(2)And it seems sensible to quarter of all marriages between people under twentyone end in Britain in 1972，there were 124，248 ，還有諸如分項(xiàng)法、列舉法、比喻法及引用法等，只有綜合運(yùn)用多種說明方法，才能多角度、多層次地全面、清晰、準(zhǔn)確地展示客觀事物的本來面貌。：CET4：the Olympic Games：a skeleton in the cupboard：Hope Project：qualifications：：教育的重要性：當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的危害：成功的方法：健身的種種看法：大學(xué)生學(xué)好英語的方法：：社會(huì)實(shí)踐的方面：課外活動(dòng)：大學(xué)生談戀愛的原因：大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的分配情況：食堂的伙食：：留學(xué)的利弊：兼職的好壞：不同的減肥方法：題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)與素質(zhì)教育：：大學(xué)生的身體狀況：大學(xué)生的就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀：汽油價(jià)格上漲帶來的影響：手機(jī)的使用情況：中國人住房狀況：借助說明文的構(gòu)思方法，看看下列題目該如何寫：(1)The Layout of a HospitalDirection： You are asked to write a position about “The Layout Of a Hospital”。Locate some important departments in the hospital based on the picture and information given positions should be no less than 100 )the Emergency Department2)the Outpatient Department3)the Surgery Department4)Dispensary/Pharmacy5)Physician Department6)the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department7)the Dental Department8)the Laboratory9)the Xray Department10)the Administrative Building11)the Ward參考范文Near the gate，on the west side of the road is the Emergency the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Outpatient building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary，which faces the Surgery Department lying on the other side of the the west wall，from south to north，stand three buildings： the Physician Department，the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department，and the Dental Laboratory is to the northwest of the round about，and beside the Laboratory，the Xray Department is located on the same side of the winding road by the lake leads to the the end of the main road，the Administrative Building is situated on the east hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out.第二篇：大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作輔導(dǎo)教程記敘文的思路與練習(xí)記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：時(shí)間(When)—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒有具體時(shí)間?地點(diǎn)(Where)—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒有地點(diǎn)變化?人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰是主角?事件(What)—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)?原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?結(jié)果(How)—— 事件的經(jīng)過及結(jié)局?一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開?！纠克募?jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過包含記敘文的作文，即“An EyeWitness Account of a Traffic Accident”。對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構(gòu)思了。When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子。在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學(xué)生。What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉。一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。參考范文An Early Morning WalkOne morning I got up very early，and everything around was very sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the f