【正文】 that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save it did under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren’t being 。我們想，如果幾百萬兒童正在死亡線上掙扎，而且他們是可以被挽救的，那么世界理應(yīng)將用藥物拯救他們作為頭等大事。但是事實(shí)并非如此。那些價(jià)格還不到一美元的救命的藥劑，并沒有送到他們的手中。If you believe that every life has equal value, it’s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are said to ourselves: This can’t be if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our ，那么當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)某些生命被挽救了，而另一些生命被放棄了，你會(huì)感到無法接受。我們對(duì)自己說： “ 事情不可能如此。如果這是真的，那么它理應(yīng)是我們努力的頭等大事?！盨o we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin asked: How could the world let these children die?所以，我們用任何人都會(huì)想到的方式開始工作。我們問： “ 這個(gè)世界怎么可以眼睜睜看著這些孩子死去? ”我們并沒有很多機(jī)會(huì)了解那些死亡事件。媒體總是報(bào)告新聞，幾百萬人將要死去并非新聞。如果沒有人報(bào)道，那么這些事件就很容易被忽視。另一方面，即使 我們確實(shí)目睹了事件本身或者看到了相關(guān)報(bào)道，我們也很難持續(xù)關(guān)注這些事件?？粗耸芸嗍橇钊送纯嗟?，何況問題又如此復(fù)雜，我們根本不知道如何去幫助他 人。所以我們會(huì)將臉轉(zhuǎn)過去。If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we e to the second step: cutting through the plexity to find a ，也不過是邁出了第一步，接著還有第二步：那就是從復(fù)雜的事件中找到解決辦法。Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks How can I help?, then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is plexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to ，我們就必須找到解決辦法。如果我們有一個(gè)清晰的和可靠的答案，那么當(dāng)任何組織和個(gè)人發(fā)出疑問 “ 如何我能提供幫助 ” 的時(shí) 候，我們就能采取行動(dòng)。我們就能夠保證不浪費(fèi)一丁點(diǎn)全世界人類對(duì)他人的關(guān)心。但是，世界的復(fù)雜性使得很難找到對(duì)全世界每一個(gè)有愛心的人都有效的行動(dòng)方法，因此人類對(duì)他人的關(guān)心往往很難產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果。Cutting through plexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highestleverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a ，可以分為四個(gè)步驟：確定目標(biāo)，找到最高效的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)適用于這個(gè)方法的新技術(shù)，同時(shí)最聰明地利用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，不管它是復(fù)雜的藥物，還是最簡單的蚊帳。The AIDS epidemic offers an broad goal, of course, is to end the highestleverage approach is ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single governments, drug panies, and foundations fund vaccine their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky ?？偟哪繕?biāo)，毫無疑問是消滅這種疾病。最高效的方法是預(yù)防。最理想的技術(shù)是發(fā)明一種疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以終生免疫。所以，政府、制藥公司、基金會(huì)應(yīng)該資助疫苗研究。但是，這樣研究工作很可能十年之內(nèi)都無法完成。因此，與此同時(shí)，我們必須使用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，目前最有效的預(yù)防方法 就是設(shè)法讓人們避免那些危險(xiǎn)的行為。pursuing that goal starts the fourstep cycle is the crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender to plexity and ，又可以采用新的四步循環(huán)。這是一種模式。關(guān)鍵的東西是永遠(yuǎn)不要停止思考和行動(dòng)。我們千萬不能再犯上個(gè)世紀(jì)在瘧疾和肺結(jié)核上犯過的錯(cuò)誤，那時(shí)我們因?yàn)樗鼈兲珡?fù)雜，而放棄了采取行動(dòng)。The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your ，就是最后一步 —— 評(píng)估工作結(jié)果，將你的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)或者失敗經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳播出去，這樣其他人就可以從你的努力中有所收獲。You have to have the statistics, of have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and ，你必須有一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。你必須讓他人知道，你的項(xiàng)目為幾百萬兒童新接種了疫苗。你也必須讓他人知道，兒童死亡人數(shù)下降了多少。這些都是很關(guān)鍵的，不僅有利于改善項(xiàng)目效果，也有利于從商界和政府得到更多的幫助。But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers。you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel what saving a life means to the families ，這些還不夠，如果你想激勵(lì)其他人參加你的項(xiàng)目，你就必須拿出更多的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。你必須展示你的項(xiàng)目的人性因素，這樣其他人就會(huì)感到拯救一個(gè)生命，對(duì)那些處在困境中的家庭到底意味著什么。I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of !Think of the thrill of saving just one person’s life – then multiply that by millions.… Yet this was the most boring panel I’ve ever been on – boring even I couldn’t bear ，我去瑞士達(dá)沃斯旁聽一個(gè)全球健康問題論壇，會(huì)議的內(nèi)容有關(guān)于如何拯救幾百萬條生命。天哪，是幾百萬!想一想吧，拯救一個(gè)人的生命已經(jīng)讓人何等激動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在你要把這種激動(dòng)再乘上幾百萬倍 …… 但是，不幸的是，這是我參加過的最最乏味的論壇，乏味到我無法強(qiáng)迫自己聽下去。What made that experience especially striking was that I had just e from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with love getting people excited about software – but why can’t we generate even more excitement for saving lives?那次經(jīng)歷之所以讓我難忘，是因?yàn)橹拔覀儎倓偘l(fā)布了一個(gè)軟件的第 13 個(gè)版本，我們讓觀眾激動(dòng)得跳了起來，喊出了聲。我喜歡人們因?yàn)檐浖械郊?dòng)，那么我們?yōu)槭裁床荒軌蜃屓藗円驗(yàn)槟軌蛘壬械礁蛹?dòng)呢?You can’t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the how you do that – is a plex ，否則你無法讓人們激動(dòng)。如何做到這一點(diǎn)，并不是一件簡單的事。Still, I’m , inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through plexity have not been with us are new – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that’s why the future can be different from the ，在這個(gè)問題上，我依然是樂觀的。不錯(cuò)，人類的不平等有史以來一直存在，但是那些能夠化繁為簡的新工具，卻是最近才出現(xiàn)的。這些新工具可以幫助我們，將人類的同情心發(fā)揮最大的作用，這就是為什么將來同過去是不一樣的。The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the puter, the Internet – give us a chance we’ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable —— 生物技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng) —— 它們給了我們一個(gè)從未有過的機(jī)會(huì)，去終結(jié)那些極端的貧窮和非惡性疾病的死亡。Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this mencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of postwar said: I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous plexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance of the ，宣布了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，幫助那些歐洲國家的戰(zhàn)后建設(shè)。他說： “ 我認(rèn)為，困難的一點(diǎn)是這個(gè)問題太復(fù)雜，報(bào)紙和電臺(tái)向公眾源源不斷地提供各種事實(shí)，使得大街上的普通人極端難于清晰地判斷形勢。事實(shí)上，經(jīng)過層層傳播，想要真正地把握形勢，是根本不可能的。”Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my c