【正文】 very life has equal value, it39。s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are said to ourselves: “This can39。t be if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.” 如果你相信每個生命都是平等的，那么當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)某些生命被挽救了，而另一些生命被放棄了，你會感到無法接受。我們對自己說：“事情不可能如此。如果這是真的，那么它理應(yīng)是我們努力的頭等大事?！盨o we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin asked: “How could the world let these children die?” 所以，我們用任何人都會想到的方式開始工作。我們問：“這個世界怎么可以眼睜睜看著這些孩子死去？”The answer is simple, and market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the ，也很令人難堪。在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，拯救兒童是一項(xiàng)沒有利潤的工作，政府也不會提供補(bǔ)助。這些兒童之所以會死亡，是因?yàn)樗麄兊母改冈诮?jīng)濟(jì)上沒有實(shí)力，在政治上沒有能力發(fā)出聲音。But you and I have ，你們和我在經(jīng)濟(jì)上有實(shí)力，在政治上能夠發(fā)出聲音。We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism ? if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering From the worst also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the ，如果我們能夠設(shè)計(jì)出一種更有創(chuàng)新性的資本主義制度——如果我們可以改變市場，讓更多的人可以獲得利潤，或者至少可以維持生活——那么，這就可以幫到那些正在極端不平等的狀況中受苦的人們。我們還可以向全世界的政府施壓，要求他們將納稅人的錢，花到更符合納稅人價值觀的地方。If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the task is can never be a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the ，既可以幫到窮人，又可以為商人帶來利潤，為政治家?guī)磉x票，那么我們就找到了一種減少世界性不平等的可持續(xù)的發(fā)展道路。這個任務(wù)是無限的。它不可能被完全完成，但是任何自覺地解決這個問題的嘗試，都將會改變這個世界。I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no say: “Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end ? because people just…don39。t…care.” I pletely ，我是樂觀的。但是，我也遇到過那些感到絕望的懷疑主義者。他們說：“不平等從人類誕生的第一天就存在，到人類滅亡的最后一天也將存在?！?yàn)槿祟悓@個問題根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意這種觀點(diǎn)。I believe we have more caring than we know what to do ，問題不是我們不在乎，而是我們不知道怎么做。All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothingnot because we didn39。t care, but because we didn39。t know what to we had known how to help, we would have ，生命中總有這樣或那樣的時刻，目睹人類的悲劇，感到萬分傷心。但是我們什么也沒做，并非我們無動于衷，而是因?yàn)槲覀儾恢雷鍪裁春驮趺醋觥Ｈ绻覀冎廊绾巫鍪怯行У?，那么我們就會采取行動。The barrier to change is not too little caring。it is too much ，并非人類的冷漠，而是世界實(shí)在太復(fù)雜。To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the plexity blocks all three ，我們需要找到問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)解決辦法的方法以及評估后果。但是世界的復(fù)雜性使得這三步都難于做到。If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we e to the second step: cutting through the plexity to find a ，也不過是邁出了第一步，接著還有第二步：那就是從復(fù)雜的事件中找到解決辦法。Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks “How can I help?,” then we can get actionand we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is plexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who caresand that makes it hard for their caring to ，我們就必須找到解決辦法。如果我們有一個清晰的和可靠的答案，那么當(dāng)任何組織和個人發(fā)出疑問“如何我能提供幫助”的時候，我們就能采取行動。我們就能夠保證不浪費(fèi)一丁點(diǎn)全世界人類對他人的關(guān)心。但是，世界的復(fù)雜性使得很難找到對全世界每一個有愛心的人都有效的行動方法，因此人類對他人的關(guān)心往往很難產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果。Cutting through plexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highestleverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already havewhether it39。s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a ，可以分為四個步驟：確定目標(biāo)，找到最高效的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)適用于這個方法的新技術(shù)，同時最聰明地利用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，不管它是復(fù)雜的藥物，還是最簡單的蚊帳。The AIDS epidemic offers an broad goal, of course, is to end the highestleverage approach is ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single governments, drug panies, and foundations fund vaccine their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in handand the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky 。總的目標(biāo)，毫無疑問是消滅這種疾病。最高效的方法是預(yù)防。最理想的技術(shù)是發(fā)明一種疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以終生免疫。所以，政府、制藥公司、基金會應(yīng)該資助疫苗研究。但是，這樣研究工作很可能十年之內(nèi)都無法完成。因此，與此同時，我們必須使用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，目前最有效的預(yù)防方法就是設(shè)法讓人們避免那些危險的行為。Pursuing that goal starts the fourstep cycle is the crucial thing is to never stop thinking and workingand never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th centurywhich is to surrender to plexity and ，又可以采用新的四步循環(huán)。這是一種模式。關(guān)鍵的東西是永遠(yuǎn)不要停止思考和行動。我們千萬不能再犯上個世紀(jì)在瘧疾和肺結(jié)核上犯過的錯誤，那時我們因?yàn)樗鼈兲珡?fù)雜，而放棄了采取行動。The final stepafter seeing the problem and finding an approachis to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn From your ，就是最后一步——評估工作結(jié)果，將你的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)或者失敗經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳播出去，這樣其他人就可以從你的努力中有所收獲。You have to have the statistics, of have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying From these is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment From business and ，你必須有一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。你必須讓他人知道，你的項(xiàng)目為幾百萬兒童新接種了疫苗。你也必須讓他人知道，兒童死亡人數(shù)下降了多少。這些都是很關(guān)鍵的，不僅有利于改善項(xiàng)目效果，也有利于從商界和政府得到更多的幫助。But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers。you have to convey the human impact of the work ? so people can feel what saving a life means to the families ，這些還不夠，如果你想激勵其他人參加你的項(xiàng)目，你就必須拿出更多的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；你必須展示你的項(xiàng)目的人性因素，這樣其他人就會感到拯救一個生命，對那些處在困境中的家庭到底意味著什么。The defining and ongoing innovations of this agebiotechnology, the puter, the Internetgive us a chance we39。ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death From preventable ——生物技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)——它們給了我們一個從未有過的機(jī)會，去終結(jié)那些極端的貧窮和非惡性疾病的死亡。The emergence of lowcost personal puters gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and ，使得一個強(qiáng)大的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有機(jī)會誕生，它為學(xué)習(xí)和交流提供了巨大的機(jī)會。The magical thing about this network is not just tha