【正文】 ?It must be pointed out that...必須指出?二、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ)The reason is that you don’t trust is where I ：The reason ____ we didn39。t trust him is ______ he has often lied． reason 后面的表語(yǔ)從句只能用that 引導(dǎo), 不能用because 引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語(yǔ)從句可以用why。表語(yǔ)從句不能用if引導(dǎo)，但可用as if引導(dǎo)。例如： He looked as if he was going to 、賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般放在動(dòng)詞、介詞或形容詞后。She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.【注】① 有時(shí)要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把賓語(yǔ)從句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.①如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，疑問詞要放在句首。What do you think is going on outside? ③I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反義疑問句要與從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。I don’t suppose he cares，does he? ④ 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞whether和if基本一樣，但介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句多用whether。It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.⑤ 動(dòng)詞doubt如用于肯定句，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用if/whether引導(dǎo)，如用于否定句或疑問句，則賓語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。I doubt if/whether our football team will win the don’t doubt that I can defeat him in the 、同位語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名詞后面，用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞用that時(shí)，不能省略，不能用which替代v what從句中作句子成分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等)what=all that/everything that v that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，不能省略What we can’t get seems better than what we a new teacher will e to teach us geography is v whether或if均可表示“是否”的情況如下：引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：I wonder whether/if the news is true or 只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況：216。 在表語(yǔ)從句中。例如：The question is whether the film is worth 在同位語(yǔ)從句中。例如：The news whether our team has won the match is my question whether you are 在主語(yǔ)從句中。例如：Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided ，則whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。例如：It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall attend the 用于句型“名詞+as to + whether”中。例如：There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：He doesn’t know whether to stay or 后面緊接or not時(shí)。例如：We didn39。t know whether or not she was 用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)。例如：Please let me know if you like “請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡”或 “如果你喜歡，請(qǐng)告 訴我”用了 whether就可以避免歧義。whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于anyone who或those who，它既是從句的主語(yǔ)，又是主句的主語(yǔ)。而who只作從句的主語(yǔ)，它引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語(yǔ)。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth will be elected president doesn’t make much difference to whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，與what差不多，只是語(yǔ)氣上更強(qiáng)些，有“任何一切??”之意。v This is exactly what I It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she 同位語(yǔ)從句本身完整，定語(yǔ)從句不完整，因此其前的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中通常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very mother made a promise that pleased all her ，同位語(yǔ)從句常由連接詞that引導(dǎo)，雖在從句中不充 當(dāng)任何成分,但不可省略。而定語(yǔ)從句中由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，代替先行 詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較將 “it is/was?that?”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,否則是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 如：It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the is in the morning that the murder took is John that broke the matter who；whatever與no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；no matter who和no matter what只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whatever(＝No matter what)you may think，I’m going ahead with my whatever you need and leave me (1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...＋tha