【正文】 ting（2）兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義不一樣。英語中有些動詞可接動名詞，也可接不定式，但兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的意義不一樣。常用的這類動詞有：mean，try，regret，stop，forget，remember，need，wait等等。①mean a．I have meant to leave on Monday． 我打算周一離開。b．Missing the train means waiting an hour．趕不上那輛火車就意味著要等一小時。mean to do sth．意為“打算做??”；mean doing sth．意為“意味著”。②try a．You must try to improve your work． 你應(yīng)努力改進工作。b．Why not try doing the experiment in some other way？為什么不試用別的方法做這實驗？ try to do sth．意為“設(shè)法做、努力做”，try doing sth．意為“試著?”。③regret a．I regret to say that we can39。t stay here any longer．很抱歉我們不能再在這兒呆了。b．I regret making/having made such a mistake．我后悔犯了這樣一個粗心的錯誤。regret to do sth．意為“對?感到抱歉（事情沒有發(fā)生）”；regret doing sth．意為“對?感到后悔（事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生）”。④stop a．When I arrived，he stopped to talk with me．當我到達時，他停下（手中的活）和我說話。b．Stop talking！it39。s time for class．別說話，該上課了。stop to do sth．意為“停下來（指別的事），開始做某事”； stop doing sth．意為“停止做某事。⑤forget a．Don39。t forget to bring your notebook next time．下次別忘了帶筆記本。b．I will never forget finding the rare old coin in my garden．我永遠也不會忘記我曾在花園發(fā)現(xiàn)過一枚希罕的古錢幣。forget to do sth．意為“忘記做某事（事情還沒有發(fā)生）”；I forget doing sth．意為“忘記做某事這一情況（指做的事已發(fā)生）”。⑥r(nóng)emember a．Please remember to post my leter．請記住給我發(fā)信。b．I remember seeing/having seen him somewhere．我記得曾經(jīng)看見過他。remember to do sth．意為“記得做某事（事情還沒有發(fā)生）”； remember doing sth．意為“記得做過某事（事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生）”。⑦need a．I need to get away and rest up a little．我需要離開這兒，好好休息一下。b．The floor needs mopping/to be mopped．地板需要擦。need to do sth．意為“必須做某事”； need doing sth．意為“需要”。⑧want a．I don39。t want to go there．我不想去那里。b．Your English wants brushing up/to be brushed up．你的英語需要復(fù)習一下。want to do sth．意為“想做什么”； want doing sth．意為“需要做什么”。⑨go on doing，go on to do a．How long do you intend to go on paying those blooky records？b．He weld the new stdents and then went on to explain the college regulations．c．For half an hour I went on reading Lesson Six．d．At half past three I went on to read Lesson Six．go on to do sth．表示“做完了某事，繼續(xù)做另一件事”； go on doing sth．意為“某事還沒有做完，繼續(xù)做該事”。go on to read Lesson Ten 即表示已續(xù)讀完了第九節(jié)課（或別的動作），進而讀第十課；而 go on reading Lesson Ten即表示第十課還沒有讀完，要繼續(xù)讀。一般go on to do sth．結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常指一個時刻的動作，而 go on doing sth．結(jié)構(gòu)常指一段時間的動作。go on with sth．短語，既可指一時刻的動作，也可指一段時間內(nèi)的動作。a．After a little pause，he went on with his speech．b．He went on with his speech for half an hour．⑩begin，start，cease，a．After he had collected the material，he began writing．b．After a week，he began to enjoy his study．c．The buses ceased runing． d．He ceased to breathe．在動詞begin，start，cease之后，用動名詞表示有意識的動作，用不定式則表示無意識的無法控制的動作。上述三個動詞如果用understand，realize等動詞作賓語時，不能用動名詞形式，只能用不定式。我們只能說：He began to realize he had made a mistake．(11)hear，see，feel等感官動詞 a．I saw him working in the garden yesterday．我看見他昨天在花園里干活。b．I saw him to work in the garden yesterday．我見他昨天在花園里干過活在感官動詞see，hear，feel，watch，notice等之后，既可用動名詞作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語，用動名詞作賓語時我們的注意力是集中到動作進行的過程之中的，強調(diào)過程，而用不定式則把我們的注意力集中到動作完成的事實。a．We heard the girl singing in the hall．b．We heard the girl to sing in the garden． a）stop后接不定式作目的狀語，不是賓語，另外halt和pause后接的不定式都是狀語，其后不可接動名詞，因為它們是不及物動詞。如a．She halted to speak to him．她停下來（以便）和他說話。b．He paused to have a rest．他停下來（以便）休息一下。b）人作主語時，want和need后面常接主動的不定式，很少用動名詞。物作主語時，其后既可接動名詞，也可接不定式。c）在動詞need，want，require，deserve，bear，stand等之后，常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，相當于不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。a．His coat needs cleaning/to be cleaned．b．His house wants painiting/to be painted． c．The old woman requires looking after/to be looked after．d）在形容詞afraid，certain，sure，sorry等之后，既可接動名詞也可接不定式，兩者含義不相同。a．We are never afraid to do such things．我們從不怕做這樣的事情。b．We are afraid of being late．我們擔心（恐怕）遲到。c．We are certain to be victorious．我們一定會勝利。4．動詞+雙賓語（1）有些動詞接雙賓語，其間接賓語多數(shù)都可換為由介詞to引起的短語，意思上沒有什么差別，常見的有：allow，accord，award，assign，bring，deny，ensure，forbid，give，grant，hand，lend，leave，offer，owe，promise，pass，provide，quote，return，refuse，remend，render，show，surrender，throw，teach，wish等。a．The government granted him a loan． The government granted a loan to him． b．They award John the first prize． They award the first prize to John． ask的間接賓語不可換為由to引起的短語，必須換為由of