【正文】 method方法，方式 light光，光線，亮光determination決心，決定 motive動機，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢 wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時候，只能用不定式。6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。7）如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語，或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補語，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如： tend to dotendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要買輛車的愿望實現(xiàn)了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。He is always the first to e and the last to leave． 他總是第一個到來，最后一個離去。(2)分詞作定語分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點：1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。The child standing over there is my brother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個修好的表了嗎? He is an advanced teacher．他是個先進(jìn)教師。3）下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義，這點要注意：departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frownup, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, muchtraveled, newlyarrived, recentlye(3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關(guān)系一般來說，不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；過去分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如： Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要見那位將從北京請來的醫(yī)生嗎？Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？5．不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關(guān)系的區(qū)別。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系。He went out shutting the door behind 。清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for ，他去找父母幫忙。2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown ，它們本來會長得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overe ，我們必須設(shè)法克服。(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個計劃。(伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個計劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細(xì)讀書時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)Reading carefully，you39。ll learn something new．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結(jié)果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應(yīng)該注意的：a：not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義 b：做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。c：不定式做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語。6．非謂語動詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)（1)疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如：When to start has not been decided．何時動身尚未決定。(主語)I don39。t know what to do．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困難在于如何過河。(表語)I can tell you where to get this 。（雙重賓語）注），如：I have no idea of how to do 。 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語，只能跟疑問詞（如：how, what）+不定式：While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有…，只能…”講時跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式連用）。When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不帶to的不定式1）在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有： feel 覺得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽到清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺，感知 notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the )另一類是某些使役動詞，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do 。I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如： He was seen to e．The boy was made to go to bed early.②在動詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。但是，如果謂語動詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒有說。There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒有別有別的辦法。（4）不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)1)不定式的邏輯主語為：for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如：I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個人干這活是不可能的。(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那樣做是明智的。2)動名詞的邏輯主語為；①人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞；②名詞39。s+動名詞。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他堅持要我和他們一起去。He dislikes his wife39。s working late．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你幫助我太好了。間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It39。s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the 。7．非謂語動詞中的有關(guān)句型（1）動名詞作主語的句型1）Doing...+ is an 。Seeing is 。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing is no use 。It is no good 。It is a great fun playing football．打籃球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費時間。3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth． It is useless 。It is nice seeing you again．真高興又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供It is expensive running this car．開這種小車是浪費。清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供第二篇：非謂語動詞初中英語分類練習(xí)——非謂語動詞非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用）Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區(qū)別：1)謂語動詞在句中可單獨作謂語，而非謂語動詞不能單獨作謂語。Miss Mary teaches us 。（teaches 動詞作謂語） came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）2)謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語動詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。Mike likes the pop music.（動詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式）Lucy has nothing to do today。（do