【正文】 method方法，方式 light光，光線，亮光determination決心，決定 motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢(shì) wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時(shí)候，只能用不定式。6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。7）如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如： tend to dotendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要買輛車的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定使我們大吃一驚。He is always the first to e and the last to leave． 他總是第一個(gè)到來(lái)，最后一個(gè)離去。(2)分詞作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有下面幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)含意。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。The child standing over there is my brother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個(gè)修好的表了嗎? He is an advanced teacher．他是個(gè)先進(jìn)教師。3）下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不具有被動(dòng)意義，這點(diǎn)要注意：departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frownup, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, muchtraveled, newlyarrived, recentlye(3)不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。例如： Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要見(jiàn)那位將從北京請(qǐng)來(lái)的醫(yī)生嗎？Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要見(jiàn)那位正在辦公室里寫(xiě)病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？5．不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He went out shutting the door behind 。清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授研究組提供Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for ，他去找父母幫忙。2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown ，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overe ，我們必須設(shè)法克服。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1)分詞作狀語(yǔ)一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子開(kāi)頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書(shū)，他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)Reading carefully，you39。ll learn something new．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個(gè)子不夠高，手伸不到書(shū)架。(結(jié)果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽(tīng)到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的：a：not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義 b：做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見(jiàn)的不定式動(dòng)詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。c：不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)。6．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常考的其它結(jié)構(gòu)（1)疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)。它在句中可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和雙重賓語(yǔ)。如：When to start has not been decided．何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(主語(yǔ))I don39。t know what to do．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語(yǔ))The difficulty was how to cross the river．困難在于如何過(guò)河。(表語(yǔ))I can tell you where to get this 。（雙重賓語(yǔ)）注），如：I have no idea of how to do 。 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，只能跟疑問(wèn)詞（如：how, what）+不定式：While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有…，只能…”講時(shí)跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式連用）。When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不帶to的不定式1）在表示生理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有： feel 覺(jué)得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽(tīng)到清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授研究組提供watch注視 listen to聽(tīng) perceive察覺(jué)，感知 notice注意 see看見(jiàn) look at看 hear聽(tīng)On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the )另一類是某些使役動(dòng)詞，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do 。I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：①上述感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如： He was seen to e．The boy was made to go to bed early.②在動(dòng)詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒(méi)有干。但是，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒(méi)有說(shuō)。There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒(méi)有別有別的辦法。（4）不定式與動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)1)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為：for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如：I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個(gè)人干這活是不可能的。(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那樣做是明智的。2)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為；①人稱代詞的所有格+動(dòng)名詞；②名詞39。s+動(dòng)名詞。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。He dislikes his wife39。s working late．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這類詞主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你幫助我太好了。間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It39。s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the 。7．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的有關(guān)句型（1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的句型1）Doing...+ is an 。Seeing is 。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing is no use 。It is no good 。It is a great fun playing football．打籃球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth． It is useless 。It is nice seeing you again．真高興又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授研究組提供It is expensive running this car．開(kāi)這種小車是浪費(fèi)。清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授研究組提供第二篇：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞初中英語(yǔ)分類練習(xí)——非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用）Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。Miss Mary teaches us 。（teaches 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)） came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語(yǔ)）2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。Mike likes the pop music.（動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式）Lucy has nothing to do today。（do