【正文】 .......123. 3 The Lack of Father’s Love.............................................................13Conclusion............................................................................................13Works Cited............................................................................................16Analysis on the Process of the Monster’s Spiritual Evolution in FrankensteinIntroduction Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly (17971851)，an outstanding 19thcentury British novelist, is the second wife of Percy Shelley, the famous Romantic poet .She creates 17 works in total during her lifetime . However, her reputation rests on what she once called as her “hideous progeny”, Frankenstein,or The Modern Prometheus (1881), which has transcended the Gothic and horror genres.Since the novel Frankenstein was publish in 1881, its popularity has indeed been prodigious. It is considered one of the best Gothic novel as well as the first science fiction in the modern sense. It has been read by so many people over decades and has been reprinted in so many different Englishlanguage editions. Moreover, It has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Urdu, Nalayam and most European languages. The story’s popularity is further evidenced by the fact that in the 19th and 20th centuries many melodramas and horror movies were based on the novel.The story of Frankenstein was conceived in “a wet, ungenial summer” of 1861 at Lake Leman Switzerland where Mary and Percy Shelley had settled near Byron and his doctor John Polidori. They spent much time together, talking and reading. One evening after reading Gothic stories, Byron suggested that “[they would] each write a ghost story”. Mary waited several days in vain for an idea until she was impressed by a discussion between Byron and Shelly about galvanism and the notion of creating life via electricity and awoke from a nightmare that night. A couple of days later, based on the dream, Mary began to write the monster’s narrative, which forms the book’s central section.Since its publication, Frankenstein has mostly been acclaimed and studied as a gothic honor novel, or as a science fiction. Recently, Critics have also begun to approach it from religious, feministic, the psychoanalytic, Freudian reading and so on. In 1979, The Endurance of Frankenstein: Essays on Mary Shell’s Novel which was written by Levin. George collected more than twelve research articles of famous scholars. This thesis will focus on the analysis on the process of the monster’s spiritual evolution in Frankenstein. The author mentions in the preface that the writing of this novel is inspired by Darwin’s biological theory research. In fact, the author lived in the romantic era ,which was on the background of the development of the theory of evolution. However, in the author’s era, the most popular theory was . Lamarck’s Romantic theory of evolution, which is in advance of Darwin’ theory. Lamarck（17441829）considered, every creature has internal drive to perfect himself, and every organism is in continuously update and in the evolutionary process of selfimprovement (Luo Jicai ,2002:131). What’s more, many Romantic ideologist even considered that the spirit of people is also in evolution. Hegel thought that, in fact, in this world the man’s self is in a process of evolution. Because the world is yourself.Later many thinkers have also accepted the theory of the evolution. American psychoanalyst Fromm thought, the human beings can’t stand himself a separation. In order to overe the pain caused by isolation, he may take some evolutionary way to develop their cognition, reason, and the ability of love, so as to surpass themselves and reach a new harmony and unity with the world. This is a kind of spiritual evolution. People may also take the negative and degenerated way, relying on a certain authority, for example, or by degrading to the state that the perception has yet not produced to overe this sense of isolation.(Fromm,1960) Actually, Frankenstein, this novel is about the spiritual evolution process of the human organism. In fact, the monster is nameless, called “ the Creature” (Shelley,1996) in this book. It suggests that the monster is human, but has not evolved into a true “ person ”. At the same time, the words “ creature ” and “ creation ” are cognate words. It shows that the monster is not only Frankenstein’s creation but also his creation of the self. This thesis mainly analyses the monster’s spiritual evolution and destruction, from desiring to integrate into human society to taking revenge on the human. The thesis is mainly divided into three parts, the first part analyses the process of the monster’s spiritual growth from the ignorance to recognize the nature, human and human society. The process of the monster’s psychological development from perception to reason is the fast growth period of the monster’s psychological feeling. In this process, the monster begins to feel nature,love nature and wants to be a part of the nature. The monster also likes the human and advocates the noble virtues of the human,being affect by the deep friendship, affection,and love between the human beings. He is eager to be the friend of the human and gets human’s accept, respect and love. By understanding human social class relations and learning social labor, the monster hopes to blend into the human society and bees a member of the society.The second part analyses the mental destruction of the monster. The monster in the process of seeking selfidentity and social recognition suffers too much misfortune and emotional setback. His mind begins to change and his spirit begins to sink. He seeks help from the father, but is refused. He is so depressed that he takes the crazy revenge on human. However, the monster’s good nature makes him be into selfcontradiction and wants to get free from the world, he finally mits suicide . The last part profoundly analyzes the specific