危險性分析的原則及其在食品安全中的應(yīng)用-文庫吧
2025-02-23 12:36 本頁面
【正文】 zation 11 Hazard (CAC, 1997) 危害 ? A biological, chemical or physical agent in, or condition of, food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect. ? 食品中可能存在的影響人體健康的生物、化學(xué)、物理因素，或 狀況 。 12 Hazards in Food ? Microanisms ? 細(xì)菌 ? Fungi and mycotoxins ? 真菌和真菌毒素 ? Viruses and parasites ? 病毒和寄生蟲 ? Toxic plants and animals ? 有毒動植物 ? Potential environmental toxicants ? 潛在的環(huán)境有毒化學(xué)污染物 13 Hazard characterisation (CAC, 1997) 危害特征的描述 ? The qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the nature of the adverse health effects associated with the hazard. For the purpose of Microbiological Risk Assessment the concerns relate to microanisms and their toxins. ? 微生物危害的定性 （ 半定量 ） 、 定量評估 14 Exposure Assessment (CAC, 1997) 暴露評估 ? The qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the likely intake of biological, chemical and physical agents via food as well as exposures from other sources if relevant. ? 從食物或相關(guān)來源攝入生物、化學(xué)和物理因子的定性、定量評估 15 Risk Characterization(CAC,1997) 危險性特征的描述 ? The process of determining the qualitative and/or quantitative estimation, including attendant uncertainties, of the probability of occurrence and severity of known or potential adverse health effects in a given population based on hazard identification, hazard characterization and exposure assessment. ? 在危害的識別、危害的特征描述和暴露評估的基礎(chǔ)上確定事件暴發(fā)的概率和嚴(yán)重性，或?qū)】诞a(chǎn)生潛在不良影響的定性和 /定量評估的過程。 16 Risk management 危險性管理 4 Elements： ? Risk evaluation ? 危險性評價 ? Risk management options assessment ? 危險性管理選項評估 ? Implementation ? 執(zhí)行 ? Monitoring and review ? 監(jiān)測和回顧 17 Implementation 執(zhí)行 ? Can be done by both government officials and the food industry ? 可被政府官方和食品企業(yè)執(zhí)行 ? Implementation will take different forms depending what decisions have been taken ? 執(zhí)行將根據(jù)已定的決議采取不同形式 ? MRA may be useful in implementation ? information on product pathogen pathway ? in particular exposure assessment can be a valuable information source ? MRA在執(zhí)行中的作用 ? 病原菌產(chǎn)生的途徑 ? 特別是暴露評估可作為有價值的信息來源 18 Monitoring and Review 監(jiān)測與評議 ? Assess effectiveness of measures taken ? 評估所用方法的效率 ? provides more data ? 提供更多數(shù)據(jù) ? provides information need to review risk management decision and if needed risk assessment ? 提供信息，以便評議危險性管理決議及是否需要危險性評估 19 Risk Analysiswho uses it ? A tool for use primarily by governments 各國政府 ? protect consumer health 保護(hù)消費者健康 ? maintain confidence in internationally traded food (market maintenance) harmonization, mutual recognition, equivalence 維持在國際食品貿(mào)易中的信心 一體、共識、平等 ? At international level 國際水平 ? WTO use risk assessment techniques developed by relevant international anizations 國際貿(mào)易中采用由相關(guān)國際組織建立的危險性評估技術(shù) ? used by standard setting bodies (Codex) 被國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指定團(tuán)體所采用 20 CAC 常遇到的問題 ? Dif
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