【正文】 parts of China ? ? Contaminated sugarcane could cause fatal food poisoning when sold in the next spring 34 Sugarcane poisoning ? The first outbreak of unknown causes sugarcane poisoning occurred in Henan Province in 1972 ? From 1972 to 1989: ? No. of outbreak: 217 ? No. of cases: 884 ? No. of deaths: 88 ? Average fatality: 10% ? Identified as a priority to assess and control by MOH 35 Etiology and risk assessment ? Etiology and causes study were been carried out by the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine in 1980’ s ? Arthrinium spp. was the pathogenic fungus。 10 危險性評估程序 Risk Assessment 危害的確定 Hazard Identification 危害的特征描述 Hazard Characterization 暴露量評估 Exposure Assessment 危險特征的描述 Risk Characterization 11 Hazard (CAC, 1997) 危害 ? A biological, chemical or physical agent in, or condition of, food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect. ? 食品中可能存在的影響人體健康的生物、化學、物理因素，或 狀況 。 9 Risk Communication 危險性信息交流 ? The interactive exchange of information and opinions throughout the risk analysis process concerning hazards and risks, risk related factors and risk perceptions, among risk assessors, risk managers, consumers, industry, the academic munity and other interested parties, including the explanation of risk assessment findings and the basis of risk management decisions ? 在危險性評估者，危險性管理者，消費者，企業(yè)，學術(shù)團體和其他組織間就危害、危險性，與危險性相關(guān)的因素和理解等進行廣泛的信息和意見溝通，包括危險性評估的結(jié)論和危險性管理決策。g/kg 125 () 限量 10 181。 :54:1714:54:17March 23, 2023 ? 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。 :54:1714:54Mar2323Mar23 ? 1世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。 , March 23, 2023 ? 閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。 2023年 3月 23日星期四 2時 54分 17秒 14:54:1723 March 2023 ? 1一個人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強不息。勝人者有力，自勝者強。 。 2023年 3月 23日星期四 2時 54分 17秒 14:54:1723 March 2023 ? 1做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點的射線向前。 , March 23, 2023 ? 雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。 歐洲污染水平 /歐洲膳食結(jié)構(gòu) 攝入量 人群危險度 (ng/人 /天 ) (個肝癌 /年 /10萬人 ) 限量 20 181?！?WORKSHOP ON AGROFOOD SAFETY ISSUES 】 General Principle Application of Risk Analysis on Food Safety 危險性分析的原則及其在食品 安全中的應用 1 Food safety – a global concern ? Food ingredients and products sourced around the world ? 食物原料和產(chǎn)品來源于世界各地 ? Food control measures not the same everywhere ? 各地的食品安全控制措施不同 ? Food safety may be perceived differently in different parts of the world ? 不同地域?qū)κ称钒踩恼J識不同 ? Can obstruct international trade ? 國際貿(mào)易受阻 2 CAC WTO ? SPS和 TBT協(xié)議是 WTO成員在國際貿(mào)易中必須遵循的多邊協(xié)定 ? 應用衛(wèi)生與植物衛(wèi)生措施協(xié)定 , SPS Sanitary / Phytosanitary Measures Agreement ? 貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘協(xié)議 , TBT The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 3 WHO要求各會員國： ? 在食品安全行動之下，重點制定和評估國家的控制戰(zhàn)略，支持發(fā)展評估與食品相關(guān)風險的科學，包括 分析與食源性疾病相關(guān)的高危因素 ；要最