國際化策略(ppt 26頁)2-文庫吧
2025-02-22 19:06 本頁面
【正文】 t efficient scale manufacturing facilities ? Return on Investment – large investment projects may require global markets to justify the capital outlays – weak patent protection in some countries implies that firms should expand overseas rapidly in order to preempt imitators 6 Motivations for International Expansion ? Economies of Scale or Learning – expanding size or scope of markets helps to achieve economies of scale in manufacturing as well as marketing, R D or distribution – can spread costs over a larger sales’ base – increase profit per unit ? Location Advantages – low cost markets may aid in developing petitive advantage – may achieve better access to: ? Raw materials ? Lower cost labor ? Key customers ? Energy 7 International BusinessLevel Strategy: Determinants of National Advantage Factors of production Related and supporting industries Demand conditions Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry 8 生產(chǎn)要素 基本要素 ?土地、勞工 進(jìn)階要素 ?數(shù)位通訊系統(tǒng) 高等教育勞動(dòng)力 一般性要素 高速公路系統(tǒng)、資本供應(yīng) 專門性要素 ?特殊產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)人才 母國的營運(yùn)環(huán)境 是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)最重要的根基 Porter 國家優(yōu)勢(shì)的決定因素 需求狀態(tài) 母國市場(chǎng)的購買者對(duì)特定產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)需求的性質(zhì)與規(guī)模 相關(guān)與支援性產(chǎn)業(yè) 日本：照相機(jī)與影印機(jī) 義大利：皮革與鞋業(yè) 企業(yè)的策略、 結(jié)構(gòu)與對(duì)手 因國而異 鑽石模式 9 International BusinessLevel Strategy: Determinants of National Advantage ? Factors of production: the inputs necessary to pete in any industry – labor – land – natural resources – capital – infrastructure – basic factors include natural and labor resources – advanced factors include digital munication systems and educated workforce 10 International BusinessLevel Strategy: Determinants of National Advantage ? Demand conditions: characterized by the nature and size of buyers’ needs in the home market for the industry’s goods or services – size of market segment can lead to scaleefficient facilities – efficiency can lead to domination of the industry in other countries – specialized demand may create opportunities beyond national boundaries 11 International BusinessLevel Strategy: Determinants of National Advantage ? Related and supporting industries: supporting services, facilities, suppliers and so on – support in design – support in
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