國際化策略(ppt26頁)2(已改無錯字)
2023-03-23 19:06:11 本頁面
【正文】 ency ? decentralization to achieve local market responsiveness ? Must pursue anizational learning to achieve petitive advantage 18 Type of Entry Characteristics Exporting High cost, low control Licensing Low cost, low risk, little control, low returns Strategic alliances Shared costs, shared resources, shared risks, problems of integration Acquisition Quick access to new market, high cost, plex negotiations, problems of merging with domestic operations New wholly owned subsidiary Complex, often costly, time consuming, high risk, maximum control, potential aboveaverage returns Global Market Entry: Choice of Entry Mode 19 國際性差異化策略 一個擁有先進(jìn)與特殊生產(chǎn)要素的國家，有可能發(fā)展此種策略 ＊日本、德國、美國 國際化低成本策略 企業(yè)通常將營運(yùn)活動集中於母國 產(chǎn)品出口至國外市場 將低附加價(jià)值的作業(yè)外包至其他國家 保留高附加價(jià)值的作業(yè)在母國 事業(yè)層國際化策略 20 Strategic Competitiveness Outes: Returns ? International diversification and returns: firm expands the sales of its goods or services across the borders of global regions and countries into different geographic locations or markets – may increase a firm’s returns – such firms usually achieve the most positive stock returns – firm may achieve economies of scale and experience, location advantages, increased market size and opportunity to stabilize returns 21 國際化整合低成本／差異化策略 因?yàn)槭袌雠c競爭者的多元性，所以整合策略是全球市場上最有效的策略 整合策略的執(zhí)行 ?依賴彈性製造系統(tǒng) ?企業(yè)內(nèi)與企業(yè)間的資訊網(wǎng)路 ?全面品質(zhì)管理來 國際化集中策略 許多企業(yè)在進(jìn)軍國際時(shí)仍繼續(xù)以小規(guī)模的市場利基為焦點(diǎn) ＊義大利的磁磚業(yè) 事業(yè)層國際化策略 22 Strategic Competitiveness Outes: Innovation ? International diversification and innovation: firm expands the sales of its goods or services across the borders of global regions and countries into different geographic locations or markets – potentially greater returns on innovations (larger markets) – generate additional resources for investment in innovation – exposed to new products and processes in international markets, generates additional knowledge leading to innovations 23 Risks in an International Environment Political Risks Economic Risks Political risks include ? instability in national governments ? war, both civil and international ? potential nationalization of a firm’s resources 24 Risks in an International Environment Economi
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