【正文】
發(fā)現(xiàn) 少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞包涵體 在發(fā)病過程中起重要作用 ,它的分布、密度與病變的嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)。 ?少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞包涵體在 MSA的不同亞型中均有發(fā)現(xiàn),具有較強(qiáng)的特異性,它從病理學(xué)上證實(shí)了SND, OPCA及 SDS 是具有不同臨床表現(xiàn)的同一組疾病, 現(xiàn)已成為 MSA的一個病理學(xué)指標(biāo) 。 ?MSA還可能與神經(jīng)元凋亡或酶代謝異常有關(guān)。 ?病因?qū)W研究目前已從細(xì)胞和分子水平探討,期望有所突破 Company Logo (三)病理 (pathology) ?基本病理表現(xiàn)主要是 神經(jīng)元缺失 , 膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增生 。主要發(fā)生在下橄欖核、腦橋、小腦、黑質(zhì)、紋狀體和脊髓的中間外側(cè)細(xì)胞柱和迷走神經(jīng)核。 (autopsy) ?少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞包涵體是確診多系統(tǒng)萎縮的病理學(xué)指標(biāo)。該包涵體的核心成分為 α synuclein(α突觸蛋白 )。 ?α synuclein也是 Lewybody的主要成分,因此,MSA和 PD、 Lewy體癡呆、 Down綜合癥等病一起被歸為 突觸核蛋白病 (αsynucleinopathy).。 Company Logo Company Logo (四)臨床表現(xiàn) (clinical feature) Autonomic failure ?OH(Orthostatic hypotension) ? A reduction of systolic blood pressure by at least 30 mm Hg or of diastolic blood pressure by at least 15 mmHg(3min heart rate) ? asymptomatic or symptomatic ? syncope ?GD(Genitourinary dysfunction) ? earliest symptom male patients erectile dysfunction impotence ?urinary symptoms ? urinary urgency or retetion, urinary or fecal incontinence ?Other symptoms ? loss of sweating,dry mouth, miosis, ? Vocal cord palsy is an important and sometimes initial manifestation of the disorder。 it may cause dysphonia or stridor and airway obstruction Company Logo Company Logo Motor disorder Parkinsonism ?bradykinesia with rigidity, tremor, or postural instability ? The tremor is usually irregular and postural/action, often incorporating myoclonus, but a classic pillrolling rest tremor is unmon. ? The parkinsonism can be asymmetric. ? Postural instability, occurs earlier and progresses more rapidly than in PD. ? Parkinson