【正文】 題愈加嚴重 。 一 、 可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)涵及在當前中國發(fā)展階段的重要性 I. The Connotation of Sustainable Development and Its Importance in China39。s Current Development Stage Chinese government attaches great importance to the study and implementation of sustainable development. ? in 1992, after Brazil conference, our country actively fulfills the General Assembly39。s mandate, in 1994, China took the lead to draw up the China39。s Agenda 21ST: The Chinese 21st century population, Environment and Development White paper and carried out the research for Environmental Protection Strategy of China, 10 countermeasures to Chinese Environment and Development. Meanwhile, we put them into the integration of national economic development 9th FiveYear Plan, 10th FiveYear Plan , 11th FiveYear Plan as the national economy and social development basic strategy. Local governments at all levels have attached great importance to all these matters and actively promote practical exploration. Chinese western city Chongqing Municipality is such an example. 中國政府十分重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展的研究和實施 ， 1992年巴西會議后 ， 我國積極履行大會提出的任務(wù) ， 1994年 ， 率先制訂了 《 中國 21世紀議程：中國 21世紀人口 、 環(huán)境與發(fā)展白皮書 》 ， 開展了 《 中國環(huán)境與發(fā)展十大對策 》 、 《 中國環(huán)境保護戰(zhàn)略 》 等重大研究 ， 且將其納入國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的 “ 九五 ” 、 “ 十五 ” 、 “ 十一五 ” 規(guī)劃 ， 作為國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的基本戰(zhàn)略 。 地方各級政府也十分重視 ， 積極開展實踐探索 ， 處于中國西部的重慶市就是其中的一例 。 二 、 重慶市在區(qū)域管理中推進可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐 II. Chongqing promotes the practice of sustainable development in eegional management. (1) Basic Conditions of Chongqing Municipality ? Chongqing is the fourth municipality in China, it is located at the conjunction of eastern and western China and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt core area, with eastern province of Hubei and Hunan, southern of Guizhou, west of Sichuan and north of Shanxi as neighbors, it is the largescale development of China39。s western region focus. The area of Chongqing is 82,400 square kilometers, and it belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate. The city has jurisdiction over 40 administrative districts, the city39。s population in 2023 was million, of which 49 minorities and the population of them occupies % of the city39。s population which are mainly Tujia, Miaobased. The city39。s resident population is million and the urban population is million, and the rate of urbanization is up to percent. （一）重慶市的基本市情 重慶是中國第四個直轄市，地處中國東西結(jié)合部、長江上游經(jīng)濟帶核心地區(qū)，地界東臨湖北、湖南，南接貴州，西靠四川，北連陜西，是我國實行西部大開發(fā)的重點開發(fā)地區(qū)。重慶幅員面積 ，氣候?qū)賮啛釒Ъ撅L(fēng)性濕潤氣候。全市下轄 40個行政區(qū)縣，2023年全市人口 ，其中少數(shù)民族 49個，人口占全市人口的 %，主要以土家族、苗族為主。全市常住人口 2808萬人，城鎮(zhèn)人口 ，城鎮(zhèn)化率達 %。 二 、 重慶市在區(qū)域管理中推進可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐 II. Chongqing promotes the practice of sustainable development in eegional management. 二 、 重慶市在區(qū)域管理中推進可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐 1 . Chongqing is China39。s only dual economic prominent featured unicipality. ? Unlike the three municipalities of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, Chongqing is the microcosm of China39。s basic national conditions which characterized with both rural and city and highlighted with the dual economic structure. 重慶市是我國唯一的二元經(jīng)濟特征突出的直轄市 與北京、天津、上海三大直轄市不同的是：重慶市是我國基本國情的“縮影”，大農(nóng)村與大城市并存，二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)突出。 II. Chongqing promotes the practice of sustainable development in eegional management. 二 、 重慶市在區(qū)域管理中推進可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐 ? First, Chongqing is characterized with the urban and rural structure. In 2023, the city’s rate urbanization was %. According to the resident population, million people lived in rural areas。 Engel39。s coefficient for urban households was %。 and the Engel coefficient of rural residents was %。 the city39。s urban and rural ines were respectively 189 Yuan and 713 Yuan lower than the national average level, and the ine gap between urban and rural residents reached :1, which was far higher than the national level of :1。 there was a big gap between the development of urban and rural social undertakings. Unequal educational opportunities for urban and rural residents directly resulted to unequal employment opportunities, and unequal employment opportunities eventually lead to ine inequality. 一是城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)突出 。 2023年 ， 全市城鎮(zhèn)化率為 %， 按常住人口計算 ， 有；城市居民家庭恩格爾系數(shù)為 %， 農(nóng)村居民家庭恩格爾系數(shù)為%， 全市城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分別比全國平均水平低 189元 、 713元 ， 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距高達∶ 1， 遠高于全國 ∶ 1的水平；城鄉(xiāng)社會事業(yè)發(fā)展的差距較大 ， 城鄉(xiāng)居民受教育機會的不平等直接造成就業(yè)機會的不平等 ， 就業(yè)機會的不平等又最終導(dǎo)致收入的不平等 。 II. Chongqing promotes the practice of sustainable development in eegional management. 二 、 重慶市在區(qū)域管理中推進可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐 ? The second is Chongqing’s prominent regional dual structure. At the core of Chongqing city, the “an hour economic circle” has entered the midindustrialized stage of rapid development. Its proportion of the nonagricultural production added value was % and its GDP was 78% of the entire city39。s, and the “an hour economic circle” has became a business city and economic center of the second and tertiary industries, particularly in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Southwest. In the Northeast and Southeast regions of Chongqing, the proportion of primary industry was still very high, the condition of which was still in the early stages of industrialization. the area and resident population of “an hour economic circle” accounted for respectively 65% and 40% of entire city’s , but its GDP accounted for only 22% of the city39。s, and industrial added value accounted for about % of the city39。s GDP. This situation showed the uneven regional development of eastern and western regions and the formation of two different economic units and economic characteristics. 二是地區(qū)二元結(jié)構(gòu)突出 。 以重慶主城區(qū)為核心的一小時經(jīng)濟圈 ， 已進入工業(yè)化中期快速發(fā)展階段 ， 非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值比重 %， GDP占全市的 78%， 成為以二 、 三產(chǎn)業(yè) ， 特別是以工業(yè)經(jīng)濟為主的長江上游及西南地區(qū)的工商業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)和經(jīng)濟中心 。 重慶東北部和東南部地區(qū) ， 第一產(chǎn)業(yè)比重仍然很大 ， 處于工業(yè)化初期階段的落后狀態(tài) ， 地域和常住人口分別占全市 65%和 40%， 但 GDP僅占全市的 22%， 工業(yè)增加值約占全市 GDP的 %， 呈現(xiàn)出東西部地區(qū)發(fā)展極不平衡 ， 形成兩種不同的經(jīng)濟單元和經(jīng)濟特點 。 II. Chongqing promotes the practice of sustainable development in eegional management. 一小時經(jīng)濟圈 渝東南 翼 渝東北 翼 二 、 重慶市在區(qū)域管理中推進可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐 II. Chongqing promotes th