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新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4課文翻譯和課后習(xí)題答案-文庫(kù)吧

2025-06-13 19:20 本頁(yè)面


【正文】 最聰明的”、“最漂亮的”這種最高級(jí)的表達(dá)法——使大家都感到高興。即使你的贊美之詞稍稍超前了一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)關(guān)系,記住,夢(mèng)想的實(shí)現(xiàn)往往孕育于期望之中。19 今天,我收到了以前的老板和精神導(dǎo)師諾曼?文森特?皮爾的一封溫暖的贊揚(yáng)信。這張小小的便箋上滿是鼓舞人心的詞句,這促使我坐到了打字機(jī)前來(lái)完成幾封我早就該寫(xiě)的信。我不知道這些信會(huì)不會(huì)使別人的一天別有意義,但是,對(duì)我自己確實(shí)如此。正如我的朋友堂?沃爾夫所說(shuō)的:使別人充滿信心,也就使我自己感覺(jué)很好。Reading prehension1略2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFTVocabulary1. Creating Compound Words STEP ONE:Column A Column B The pound words createdthrough day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat ragearedever lift everreadyover age overdue, overage long due longdistance, longearedself stone selfconsciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell writer/written wellwishing, wellwrittenSTEP TWO: 1) longdistance 2) upbeat 3) everready 4) overdue 5) typewriter 6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) selfconscious 10) rageared11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage2. 1) A. intrigued v. interest B. intrigue n. the act or practice of secretly planning to harm someone or make them lose their position of power 2) A. straining v. try very hard to do something using all your physical or mental strength B. strain n. a force that stretches, pulls or puts pressure on something 3) A. savor n. taste。 flavor B. savored v. enjoy the taste or flavor of。 enjoy as much as you can 4) A. treasure v. treat something as being very special, important, or valuable B. treasure n. a store of gold, silver, jewels, etc. 5) A. credited v. consider … as having achieved something or being the reason for it B. credit n. trust。 faith 6) A. boost n. an encouraging act of cheering somebody up B. boost v. make someone feel more confident and less worried 7) A. note n. a short, usually informal, letter B. noted v. notice or pay careful attention to something 8) A. signed v. write your signature on a letter or document to show that you wrote it, agreed with it B. sign n. gesture used to express one’s meaning, idea, etc. 9) A. totaled v. e to a certain amount B. total n. the whole amount 10) A. stuffed v. fill something with a substance B. stuff n. substance or material 11) A. count n. the number that is reached when something is being counted B. count v. be important 12) A. last v. manage to remain in the same situation B. last n. the remaining part of something 13) A. plimented v. express praise or admiration of somebody B. pliment n. an expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc. 14) A. flood n. a large number or amount B. flooding v. arrive in large numbers 15) A. contact n. munication with a person, organization, country, etc. B. contact v. reach (someone) by message, telephone, etc.3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere 7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized 11) lingered 12) acknowledged 4. column: 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C tough: 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A5.1) A. plementary B. plimentary C. plimentaryplimentary: 1) expressing admiration, praise, etc. 2) given free of chargeplementary: making something plete or perfect。 supplying what is lacking or needed for pletion2) A. stationery B. stationary C. stationarystationary: not moving, or not changingstationery: writing materials (. paper, envelopes, etc.)3) A. typist B. typewriter C. typisttypewriter: a machine with a keyboard that you use for typing words directly onto a sheet of papertypist: a person who types, especially one employed to do so4) A. vulgar B. vague C. vaguevague: 1) not clearly expressed, known, described or decided 2) not clear in shape。 not clearly seenvulgar: not having or showing good taste or good manners。 not educated5) A. pad B. pat C. padpad: 1) several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing, drawing, etc. 2) a piece of soft thick cloth or rubber which is used to protect a part of the body, give shape to something or clean something 6) A. own B. owed C. owes D. ownedowe: 1) have to pay, for something already done or given 2) feel gratefulown: 1) a. belonging to oneself and to no one else 2) v. possess (something), especially by lawful right6.1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject 9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation 14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strangeUnit 3從文化角度看性別角色1 在過(guò)去的幾十年里,已經(jīng)無(wú)數(shù)次地證實(shí)了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):構(gòu)成男子陽(yáng)剛之氣和女子陰柔之氣的各種不同類(lèi)型的行為、情感、和興趣都既是遺傳又是文化熏陶的結(jié)果。在成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中,每個(gè)孩子學(xué)會(huì)了細(xì)微的行為舉止,數(shù)量之多數(shù)以百計(jì),這一切都帶有文化的烙印,成了他們性別特征的一部分。有些行為舉止是直接學(xué)到的。也就是說(shuō),別人教孩子如何恰如其分地行事, 男有男的規(guī)矩, 女有女的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。另一些跟性別有關(guān)的具體舉止是無(wú)意識(shí)地或間接地學(xué)會(huì)的,因?yàn)槲幕癁榕⒆雍湍泻⒆犹峁┑男蜗?、向往的目?biāo)以及成人的榜樣各不相同。2 例如,最近對(duì)美國(guó)公立學(xué)校的一項(xiàng)研究顯示,在教育中存在一種男孩比女孩更受偏愛(ài)的文化偏見(jiàn)。據(jù)研究人員反映,這種偏愛(ài)是無(wú)意的、不知不覺(jué)的,但它確實(shí)存在,并每年都在影響著數(shù)百萬(wàn)計(jì)學(xué)生的生活。為了研究在教育中存在的性別偏愛(ài),戴維?賽德克博士和邁拉?賽德克博士夫婦錄制了教師在課堂上課的情形。他們的研究顯示,許多自認(rèn)為無(wú)性別偏愛(ài)的教師驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn),從錄像帶上看他們竟是那么偏心。從幼兒園到研究生課程,都可以看到教師們請(qǐng)男生回答問(wèn)題的次數(shù)遠(yuǎn)比女生多。這對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程有著巨大的影響,因?yàn)榭偟膩?lái)說(shuō),那些積極的課堂活動(dòng)參與者對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)更加樂(lè)觀有信心,并能在今后取得更大的成就。事實(shí)上,在20世紀(jì)60年代末期,當(dāng)美國(guó)東北部多所最好的女子學(xué)院向男生開(kāi)放之后,教授們和女學(xué)生們都發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩們正在“接管”課堂討論,而女生積極參與的程度則明顯下降。近年來(lái),在法學(xué)院和醫(yī)學(xué)院的課堂上也發(fā)現(xiàn)了類(lèi)似的情況:與男生相比女生處于次要的地位。3 賽德克夫婦所做的研究顯示,教師有時(shí)候會(huì)按照固有的性別模式給女孩子和男孩子不同布置的任務(wù),這樣便不知不覺(jué)地使女孩子不能像男孩子一樣積極地參與。例如,有位教師在給幼兒園的孩子上自然科學(xué)課時(shí),不斷地讓小男孩去操作科學(xué)“實(shí)驗(yàn)”,而讓女孩子只是做一些安放材料的工作。既然使用課堂材料動(dòng)手操作是早期教育的一個(gè)重要方面,這些女孩子就這樣被剝奪了重要的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷,這會(huì)影響到她們今后的整個(gè)人生。4 美國(guó)教師中一個(gè)具有代表性的想法是,男孩擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)和自然科學(xué),這些學(xué)科都是“難懂的”、“適合于男性的”,而女孩會(huì)在語(yǔ)言和閱讀技能上比男孩強(qiáng)。這是教育中性別偏見(jiàn)的另一種表現(xiàn)。結(jié)果美國(guó)的男孩們確實(shí)在閱讀上出了問(wèn)題,而在數(shù)學(xué)方面女孩盡管在九歲以前一直比男孩強(qiáng),但此后卻落在了他們后面。這成了預(yù)言自我應(yīng)驗(yàn)的一個(gè)例子。然而這些特征是文化造成的,而非遺傳的原因。例如,在德國(guó),讀書(shū)學(xué)習(xí)都被看作是“適合于男性的”,于是在閱讀上有問(wèn)題的便是女孩子了。而在日本,由于早期教育似乎不分性別,女孩和男孩在閱讀上就旗鼓相當(dāng)。5 在教育過(guò)程中對(duì)女孩和男孩的不同態(tài)度始于家庭。例如,有一項(xiàng)研究顯示了這樣一種情況:讓學(xué)齡前兒童看一幢房子的圖片,然后要他們說(shuō)出家里允許他們走開(kāi)多遠(yuǎn),這時(shí)男孩所指的范圍要比女孩大得多,女孩指出的范圍很有限,而且離家很近。女孩們不像男孩那樣受到鼓勵(lì)去發(fā)展求知欲和動(dòng)手能
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