【正文】 文化人文旅游資源具有歷史悠久、底蘊(yùn)深厚，類型多樣、種類豐富，內(nèi)涵豐富、文化厚重，區(qū)帶結(jié)合、相對(duì)集中，融于生態(tài)、和諧統(tǒng)一等特征。開發(fā)四川文化人文旅游資源可以促使成都旅游發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)良性循環(huán)，可以提高景點(diǎn)競爭力和吸引力，推動(dòng)四川旅游的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵詞: 四川 人文旅游資源 旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展 開發(fā) 經(jīng)營 The development and management of Sichuan humanistic tourism resourcesAbstract:Tourism has bee one of the important pillars of the national economy, the tourism industry of the past, a smokefree green industry reputation as a sunrise industry in the world to develop rapidly. However, due to the lack of longterm development of the tourism industry oftheoretical guidance system to ignore the sustainable development of the tourism industry, too much emphasis on the development of natural resources, too much focus on the immediate economic benefits, resulting in the development of tourism in the film face of the disorder in thedevelopment of tourism resources and the use of blindly building tourism infrastructure,uncontrolled expansion of the scale of tourism activities, so that the current tourism industry is faced with the destruction of scenic tourism resources, the deteriorating ecological environment,the traditional cultural values of a range of issues, such as a recession. The tourism industry in urgent need of a path of sustainable development. Now the tourism industry and experts and scholars have recognized this problem, began to sustainable development of tourism as the most important treatment of the subject. In recent years, many scholars put forward the development of ecotourism to achieve sustainable tourism development, and stressed the need not to disrupt the ecosystems, ecological awareness, ecological protection, to achieve permanent harmony. At the same time, people are beginning to put emphasis on culture is the soul of the tourism industry,tourism itself is a culturebased industries in order to attach importance to the development of tourism resources in the humanities, the development of cultural tourism, the development of cultural tourism to achieve sustainable development of tourism. Tourism resources in the humanities, also known as tourism resources and cultural landscape, there are distinct historical, ethnic and cultural. Including cultural heritage, famous monuments, gardens, national conditions and customs, revolutionary sites, special techniques, as well as the culture and the arts and cultural entertainment, ethnic customs, such as urban and rural construction. Human landscape is the existence of culture is an important cultural significance ofthe external appearance of tourism resources. As a humanities tourism resources, their distribution Abstract in time and space less vulnerable to the restrictions and conditions, or even necessary to move andcopy. Large number of monuments in the history of repeated destruction of repeated construction,going through the vicissitudes of life for thousands of years and focused, so far as a tourist, to a large extent due to the continuity of culture and heritage of. Because the creation of culture and recreate, with the rich and Ever bright nation, the state, the development of social and historical continuity and development. Therefore, the use of tourism resources in the humanities, the development of cultural tourism is to achieve sustainable development of tourism an effective way.The cultural tourism resources of Sichuan in the humanities has a long history, deep inside, the type of diverse, species rich, rich, rich culture, bining zone, the relative concentration, into the ecology, and other characteristics of a harmonious unity. The development of Sichuan culture tourism resources in the humanities can promote Sichuan tourism development to achieve a virtuous cycle, can improve the petitiveness and attractiveness of spots to promote the sustainable development of Sichuan tourism. Key words: Sichuan Cultural Tourism Resource Sustainable Tourismdevelopment management緒論隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，人們的生活水平在不斷的提高。再加上旅游資源的不斷優(yōu)化和完善，就帶來了旅游業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展。隨著旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展,在有些國家或地區(qū)旅游業(yè)甚至成為經(jīng)濟(jì)收入最大的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。旅游是經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化等現(xiàn)象的綜合反映，這一特性決定了旅游的發(fā)展，必然給旅游地帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境、社會(huì)等一系列積極的影響。目前，我國正在不斷的調(diào)整旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)制，旅游內(nèi)容和方式更加的多樣化，旅游文化更具內(nèi)涵，同時(shí)旅游也在不斷引進(jìn)高新科技的旅游設(shè)施。旅游業(yè)促進(jìn)了相互間的文化交流, 擴(kuò)大了視野, 提高了文化素養(yǎng)。，從而新的消費(fèi)可以形成和擴(kuò)大市場?，F(xiàn)在旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展不單是要注意到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來的快感，而是要求我們把眼光放遠(yuǎn)，旅游對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)文化環(huán)境的影響也是相當(dāng)重要的。四川地大物博，歷史悠久，自古以來就享有“天府之國”的美譽(yù)。新中國成立以后，四川進(jìn)入了新的歷史發(fā)展時(shí)期。經(jīng)過50多年的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)，特別是20多年的改革開放，四川的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)突飛猛進(jìn)，綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力不斷增強(qiáng)。 　　古有“蜀道難，難于上青天”之說，經(jīng)過建國后40多年的建設(shè)，目前已初步形成了一個(gè)鐵路、公路、水路、航空和管道綜合發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代化立體交通體系，成了西南地區(qū)的交通樞紐。四川的交通通訊發(fā)展迅猛。水陸空交通日趨完善發(fā)達(dá)，微波、光纖、衛(wèi)星、程控電話、無線尋呼、圖文傳真、INI聯(lián)網(wǎng)等現(xiàn)代通信遍布全省各市、地、州、縣及部分鄉(xiāng)村，初步形成了現(xiàn)代交通、通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。隨著社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的建立，各種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的完善，人們觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變，信息市場、科技市場、人才和勞務(wù)市場、資金和金融市場以及各種物資市場、服務(wù)市場、旅游休閑娛樂市場也相應(yīng)建立。 一、旅游資源簡介　　四川省自然景觀和人文景觀豐富多彩，是有名的旅游資源大省，旅游資源具有數(shù)量多、類型全、分布廣、品位高的特點(diǎn)，歷來就有“天下山水之觀在蜀”之說，許多景觀在中國乃至世界上都是獨(dú)有或罕見的。有人用這樣的話形容四川境內(nèi)的風(fēng)景：“峨眉天下秀，青城天下幽，劍門天下險(xiǎn)，九寨天下奇?！钡恪⒂?、險(xiǎn)、奇其實(shí)只是四川風(fēng)景的一個(gè)側(cè)面，峨眉山、青城山、劍門、九寨溝也只是四川眾多美景的一小部分。 　　四川作為旅游資源大省，列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》的有3處：九寨溝一黃龍列入世界自然遺產(chǎn)，青城山一都江堰列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)，峨眉山一樂山列入世界文化和自然雙遺產(chǎn)；列入聯(lián)合國《人與生物圈保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)》的自然保護(hù)區(qū)的有4處：九寨溝自然保護(hù)區(qū)、漢川臥龍自然保護(hù)區(qū)、蜀南竹海自然保護(hù)區(qū)、黃龍自然保護(hù)區(qū)；中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市有5座：成都市、峨眉山市、都江堰市、樂山市、祟州市；國家4A級(jí)旅游區(qū)有9處：峨眉山、都江堰、青城山、樂山大佛、九寨溝、黃龍、三星堆、蜀南竹海、海螺溝；中國旅游勝地四十佳有5處：九寨溝、蜀南竹海、峨眉山、樂山大佛、自貢恐龍博物館；國家級(jí)地質(zhì)公園有2處：龍門山地質(zhì)公園、自貢恐龍地質(zhì)公園；國家級(jí)自然風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)有9處：九寨溝、黃龍寺、峨眉山—樂山、青城山—都江堰、蜀南竹海、貢嘎山、四姑娘山、西嶺雪山、劍門蜀道；省級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)57處；國家森林公園有11處：都江堰市龍池、大邑西嶺、洪雅瓦屋山、攀枝花市二灘、瀘定海螺溝、九寨溝縣九寨溝、劍閣劍門關(guān)、樣撞七曲山、鹽亭高山、合江佛寶、鄧州天臺(tái)山；省級(jí)森林公園有46處；國家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)有13處：漢川臥龍、青川唐家河、九寨溝縣九寨溝、寶興蜂桶寨、馬邊大風(fēng)頂、美姑大風(fēng)頂、攀枝花市蘇鐵、甘孜州貢嘎山、成都龍溪虹口、若爾蓋轄曼、四姑娘山、長江合江—雷波段、亞??；省級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)有45處；中國歷史文化名城有7座：成都市、瀘州市、自貢市、宜賓市、樂山市、都江堰市、閬中市；省級(jí)歷史文化名城(鎮(zhèn))有46座；全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位有62處；省級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位有227處；省級(jí)各類博物館、紀(jì)念館、陳列館有63座；社會(huì)科學(xué)類館有43座；省級(jí)愛國主義教育基地有55處。 二、 旅游資源與旅游的可持續(xù)發(fā)展 旅游資源的概念和分類 旅游資源的概念 旅游資源是指被作為旅游觀光、游覽、娛樂活動(dòng)對(duì)象的長久存在著的自然景物和社會(huì)產(chǎn)物，以及長久存在著的、保持著原有形態(tài)而能被開發(fā)利用作為旅游消費(fèi)對(duì)象的自然物和社會(huì)產(chǎn)物的統(tǒng)稱。更概括地說，凡