【正文】 make people smile, you must know how to identify shared 中國(guó)最大的管 理 資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 大量免費(fèi)資源共享 ) 第 3 頁(yè) 共 20 頁(yè) experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disanized methods of their secretaries。 alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to ment on their disanized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses39。 convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful acmodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. Who is that? the new arrival asked St. Peter. Oh, that39。s God. came the reply, but sometimes he thinks he39。s a doctor. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are mon to all of you and it39。ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman39。s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn39。t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it bees more natural. Include a few casual and apparently offthecuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it39。s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a lighthearted remark. Look for the humor. It often es from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote If at first you don39。t succeed, give up or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. 41. To make your humor work, you should [A] take advantage of different kinds of audience. [B] make fun of the disanized people. [C] address different problems to different people. [D] show sympathy for your listeners. 42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are [A] impolite to new arrivals. [B] very conscious of their godlike role. [C] entitled to some privileges. [D] very busy even during lunch hours. 43. It can be inferred from the text that public services [A] have benefited many people. [B] are the focus of public attention. [C] are an inappropriate subject for humor. [D] have often been the laughing stock. 44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered [A] in wellworded language. 中國(guó)最大的管 理 資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 大量免費(fèi)資源共享 ) 第 4 頁(yè) 共 20 頁(yè) [B] as awkwardly as possible. [C] in exaggerated statement. [D] as casually as possible. 45. The best title for the text may be [A] Use Humor Effectively. [B] Various Kinds of Humor. [C] Add Humor to Speech. [D] Different Humor Strategies. The Supreme Court39。s decisions on physicianassisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physicianassisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of double effect, a centuriesold moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients39。 pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. Gee Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. It39。s like surgery, he says, We don39。t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn39。t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you39。re a physician, you can risk your patient39。s suicide as long as you don39。t intend their suicide. On another level, many in the medical munity acknowledge that the assistedsuicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court39。s ruling on physicianassisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a twovolume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pai