【正文】 are at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of endoflife care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospitals, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospitalbased care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these wellmeaning medical initiatives translate into better care. Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes systematic patient abuse. He says medical licensing boards must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are inpetently managed and should result in license suspension. 56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that 中國(guó)最大的管 理 資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 大量免費(fèi)資源共享 ) 第 5 頁(yè) 共 20 頁(yè) [A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients39。t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you39。s decisions on physicianassisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physicianassisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of double effect, a centuriesold moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients39。s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn39。 convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful acmodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. Who is that? the new arrival asked St. Peter. Oh, that39。s machinetool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of 中國(guó)最大的管 理 資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 大量免費(fèi)資源共享 ) 第 2 頁(yè) 共 20 頁(yè) semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new puter age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their ines would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America39。s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America39。s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial petitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign petition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea39。s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America39。 alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to ment on their disanized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses39。ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman39。t succeed, give up or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. 41. To make your humor work, you should [A] take advantage of different kinds of audience. [B] make fun of the disanized people. [C] address different problems to different people. [D] show sympathy for your listeners. 42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are [A] impolite to new arrivals. [B] very conscious of their godlike role. [C] entitled to some privileges. [D] very busy even during lunch hours. 43. It can be inferred from the text that public services [A] have benefited many people. [B] are the focus of public attention. [C] are an inappropriate subject for humor. [D] have often been the laughing stock. 44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered [A] in wellworded language. 中國(guó)最大的管 理 資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 大量免費(fèi)資源共享 ) 第 4 頁(yè) 共 20 頁(yè) [B] as awkwardly as possible. [C] in exaggerated statement. [D] as casually as possible. 45. The best title for the text may be [A] Use Humor Effectively. [B] Various Kinds of Humor. [C] Add Humor to Speech