【正文】 t從句作the sense的同位語從句。同位語從句中又套嵌一個由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。此時間狀語從句又套嵌一個定語從句that endure，修飾其先行詞discoveries。by way of意為“經(jīng)由，通過…方法”。reward sb. with意為“以…報答，酬勞”。endure此處應(yīng)譯為“持久，持續(xù)”,不要譯為“忍受，容忍”。譯文:由于兩三個世紀(jì)以來的科學(xué)研究成果，我們逐漸相信，如果運用合適的觀察和實驗方法向大自然探究問題，她會真心實意地給我們答復(fù)，并且以永垂不朽的發(fā)現(xiàn)來報答我們。從這個意義上來說，大自然是可以認(rèn)識的。9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is being possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details…。后面緊跟省略了if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句were it not for the fact that…，即if it were not for the fact that…。that從句作the fact的同位語從句。此從句中又套嵌一個定語從句，修飾其先行詞the stage。 required for reliable weather forecasting為過去分詞短語修飾the kind of measurements。simply譯為“只不過，僅僅”，不應(yīng)譯為“簡單地”。譯文：理論上的認(rèn)識已達(dá)到了這樣一個階段,即現(xiàn)在已能指出需要哪種測量方式才能可靠地預(yù)報天氣。如果做不到這一點，那么上述這些新的觀察能力只不過提供了一大堆細(xì)節(jié)而已。10. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes，namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces，has many different versions，of which the following is one.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是The story…h(huán)as many different versions…。what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes為名詞性從句做介詞of的賓語。namely that a solid body…作the principle of Archimedes的同位語。when immersed in a liquid是省略了主語的過去分詞短語，句子補(bǔ)充完整為when the solid body is immersed in a liquid，修飾其主句a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid…。it displaces是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句修飾the liquid，it代指前面提到的the solid body。同時，of which the following is one又構(gòu)成先行詞versions的定語從句。displace意為“排（水）”。version不譯為“版本”，此處指“根據(jù)個人觀點的（對事件等的）說法，看法”。句尾的one代指a version。譯文:當(dāng)固體浸沒到液體中時，固體會失去它所排出的液體的那部分重量，這就是現(xiàn)在通常所謂的阿基米德原理。有關(guān)這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的故事說法眾多，下面的故事就是其中之一。11. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction…。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。此賓語從句中套嵌一個由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞forces of attraction。 so that the attraction between molecules…是so that結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。在此狀語從句中，除主干結(jié)構(gòu)the attraction…was very small but became considerable…，又有that were more than a few tenmillionths of a millimeter apart做定語從句修飾先行詞molecules和when the molecules approached more closely做狀語從句，修飾…but became considerable。considerable譯為“相當(dāng)大（或多的）”。譯文：我們曾經(jīng)假定，分子之間存在著引力，這種引力隨著分子之間距離的不同而有顯著的變化，因而，在間距為千萬分之幾毫米的分子之間的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近時，這種引力會變得相當(dāng)大。12. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development，which means that we must，for the benefit of ing generations，leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development…。其后緊跟著一個which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞sustainable development。此定語從句的謂語動詞means又套嵌一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，即we must…leave enough environmental space。此賓語從句中又有so that結(jié)構(gòu)做此從句的目的狀語。be enshrined in意為“被深深地珍藏（或銘記）在…”，此處轉(zhuǎn)譯為主動語態(tài)“納入到”。sustainable development譯為“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。譯文：這一需要被正式載入可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念之中。所謂可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指:為了子孫后代的利益，我們必須保留足夠的生存環(huán)境空間，以滿足他們的需要，施展抱負(fù)。13. Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space，which is the special property of sculpture and architecture，since a painting is designed to be seen from one point at one time，whereas sculpture and architecture are created to be seen from various points of view，thus supplying movements in space and time.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是Painting lacks only the means…,since…。since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句修飾主句。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the means to represent movement in time and space。 property在此處應(yīng)譯為“性質(zhì),特性”,不譯為“財產(chǎn),資產(chǎn)”。譯文：繪畫缺少的僅僅是表現(xiàn)空間與時間變化的手法，而這正是雕塑與建筑的特性。繪畫時只要求在某一時刻，從空間的一點來欣賞，而雕塑和建筑的創(chuàng)造則要求從各個角度來欣賞，這樣就表現(xiàn)出了空間，時間的變化。14. Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes，and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes，these women have since given voice，loudly and persuasively，to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country，their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是these women have…given voice…to what they know from experience that…。that從句做experience的同位語從句。此從句中又套嵌一個unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Once intimidated by arguments是過去分詞做狀語修飾these women，其施動者arguments又有兩個that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句修飾限定它。intimidated by arguments意為“被論點搞得驚慌害怕”。feel at home不能直譯為“感到在家”，而譯為“感到自在”。give voice to意為“表達(dá)，表露”。land jobs譯為“找到工作”。譯文：有人說，孩子們在雙語課堂里會感到更加自由自在，而在正規(guī)班級會喪失其傳統(tǒng)文化。這幾位母親曾被這一論點搞得惶恐不安，現(xiàn)在發(fā)表了最響亮，最有說服力的意見。從她們自身的經(jīng)驗中，他們深知:如果孩子們不熟練掌握他們所移居國家的語言，除了那些最簡單的體力活兒外，根本談不上上大學(xué)，也談不上找到理想的工作。15. The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells，though now specialized，still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on.結(jié)構(gòu)分析:句子的框架是The presumption is that all these cells…contain genetic instructions…and can do so…。其中介詞on加which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾主語the presumption。 that從句為表語從句。此表語從句中contain和can do并列做all these cells的謂語。表語從句中又插入一個though引導(dǎo)的省略了主語all these cells的讓步狀語從句，補(bǔ)充完整為though these cells are now specialized。 needed to make an entire individual為過去分詞短語做genetic instructions的后置定語。并列謂語can do so又有if條件句修飾。rest on意為“依賴”。為避免重復(fù)do so代替前文提到的make an entire individual。譯文：人類克隆賴以存在的假定是:雖然所有的細(xì)胞現(xiàn)已全部特化，但卻仍然包含有發(fā)育為完整個體所需的與母體完全一致的全部遺傳指令。如果能找到一個方法使失去作用的部分恢復(fù)作用，這些細(xì)胞就能發(fā)育成為完整的個體。16. Thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是a regularity…will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity…。介詞for加關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a regularity。an empirical regularity后又有定語從句that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories修飾。grounds意為“根據(jù)