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(eg, myelolipoma). Adrenal masses that contain intracellular fat have been shown to lose signal intensity on chemical shift outofphase images pared with inphase images owing to the presence of intracellular lipid. Adrenal lesions that contain macroscopic fat demonstrate a loss of signal intensity on fatsaturated images. A loss of signal intensity at chemical shift imaging can be seen at fatwater interfaces, typically at the borders of such lesions 含脂肪腎上腺腫塊分為兩類:細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)(如腺瘤),肉眼可見脂肪 (如髓樣脂肪瘤)。 含細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂肪的腎上腺腫塊在化學(xué)位移成像 outofphase上信號(hào)減低,含肉眼可見脂肪的腎上腺腫塊在脂肪飽和成像序列上信號(hào)減低。在化學(xué)位移成像上信號(hào)減低能夠 在脂 —水交界處發(fā)現(xiàn),腫塊邊緣具有代表性。 1,腎上腺腺瘤 腎上腺腺瘤是最常見腎上腺腫塊,尸檢發(fā)病率約 3% 。腎上腺腺瘤最重要的特征是細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì),化學(xué)位移成像是腎上腺腺瘤最可靠的檢查手段。 大部分腎上腺腺瘤在化學(xué)位移成像 outofphase上信號(hào)減低,信號(hào)強(qiáng)度減低20% 就可以診斷腎上腺腺瘤。 Figure 4. (a, b) Axial inphase and outofphase MR images show an adrenal adenoma (arrow), which exhibits the typical decrease in signal intensity on the outof phase image. Photograph of the specimen shows a wellcircumscribed bright yellow nodule, an appearance that is typical of adrenocortical adenoma. 增強(qiáng)時(shí)均勻一致強(qiáng)化也是腎上腺腺瘤的特征,腎上腺腺瘤小的,圓點(diǎn)狀信號(hào)強(qiáng)度改變可能是由于囊變,出血或血供的差異。 腎上腺腺瘤出血少見,出血不同時(shí)期有不同 MRI表現(xiàn) ,急性期 T1WI和肌肉信號(hào)相近, T2WI低信號(hào)。亞急性期, T1WI高信號(hào), T2WI開始低信號(hào),隨后呈高信號(hào)。慢性出血均為低信號(hào)。 Figure 5. Axial T1weighted outofphase MR image shows an adrenal adenoma (black arrow) with a focal area of highsignalintensity hemorrhage (white arrow). 2,髓樣脂肪瘤 髓樣脂肪瘤是不常見的良性腫瘤。由成熟脂肪組織和造血組織構(gòu)成。大部分是在偶然時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)。在非壓脂 T1WI上脂肪成分為高信號(hào),壓脂脂肪成信號(hào)減低能夠幫助診斷。 髓樣脂肪瘤根據(jù) MR信號(hào)特征分為三類: 1)以脂肪成分為主型: T1WI均勻高信號(hào), T2WI中等信號(hào)。 2)脂肪和髓樣成分混合型: T2WI和 T1WI增強(qiáng)上脂肪信號(hào)混雜高信號(hào)區(qū)域。 3)髓樣成分為主型:相對(duì)于肝臟, T1WI低信號(hào), T2WI高信號(hào),增強(qiáng)有強(qiáng)化。 髓樣脂肪瘤可以很大,并有癥狀,可以繼發(fā)出血。巨大髓樣脂肪瘤要和腹膜后像脂肪肉瘤鑒別。 Figure 6. (a, b) Axial T1weighted MR images obtained without fat suppression and with fat suppression show typical MR imaging features of right adrenal myelolipoma. The fatty ponent of the myelolipoma (arrow in a) shows a decrease in signal intensity on the fatsuppressed image. Photomicrograph (original magnification, 100。 HE stain) shows the typical microscopic a