《企業(yè)理論》ppt課件-文庫(kù)吧
2025-04-28 02:26 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 獲得 1991年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。 10 Search and information costs are costs such as those incurred in determining that the required good is available on the market, who has the lowest price, etc. Bargaining costs are the costs required to e to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction, drawing up an appropriate contract and so on. Policing and enforcement costs are the costs of making sure the other party sticks to the terms of the contract, and taking appropriate action (often through the legal system) if this turns out not to be the case. 交易費(fèi)用 ( Transaction Costs) 11 按照科斯的見(jiàn)解，是因?yàn)槔檬袌?chǎng)價(jià)格機(jī)制是有交易費(fèi)用的，而利用企業(yè)組織生產(chǎn)可以節(jié)約交易費(fèi)用 。 科斯（ 1937）指出，企業(yè)配置資源的特征是“權(quán)威”，“在企業(yè)之外，價(jià)格變動(dòng)決定生產(chǎn)，這是通過(guò)一系列市場(chǎng)交易來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)的。在企業(yè)之內(nèi)，市場(chǎng)交易被取消，伴隨著交易的復(fù)雜的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)被企業(yè)家所替代，企業(yè)家指揮生產(chǎn)?！? 12 Milgrom and Roberts (1990) explain the increased cost of management as due to the incentives of employees to provide false information beneficial to themselves. This grows worse with firm size and more layers in the hierarchy. 13 The Firm’s boundaries Since the reason for the firm39。s being is to have lower costs than the market, the upper limit on the firm39。s size is set by costs rising to the point where internalizing an additional transaction equals the cost of making that transaction in the market. (At the lower limit, the firm’s costs exceed the market’s costs, and it does not e into existence.) 主要結(jié)論 ： ? 市場(chǎng)和企業(yè)是相互替代的配置資源的兩種機(jī)制。 ? 企業(yè)取代市場(chǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)交易 可以 減少交易費(fèi)用，市場(chǎng)交易費(fèi)用的存在決定了企業(yè)的存在。 ? 無(wú)論運(yùn)用市場(chǎng)機(jī)制還是運(yùn)用企業(yè)組織來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)生產(chǎn)，都是有成本的。市場(chǎng)機(jī)制被代替是因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)交易有成本，企業(yè)沒(méi)有無(wú)限擴(kuò)張是因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)組織也有成本。企業(yè)的邊界由企業(yè)內(nèi)的組織協(xié)調(diào)費(fèi)用與市場(chǎng)的交易費(fèi)用相比較決定。 ? 交易費(fèi)用的存在及企業(yè)節(jié)省交易
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