生長(zhǎng)肥育豬的蛋白質(zhì)與氨基酸營(yíng)養(yǎng)-文庫(kù)吧
2025-01-06 15:24 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 That is a perfect balance. The concept of ideal protein originated in the 1930’s in Dr. H. H. Mitchell’s laboratory at the University of Illinois. 所謂理想蛋白質(zhì)，指日糧中的氨基酸組成完全符合豬的氨基酸需要，氨基酸之間完美平衡。理想蛋白質(zhì)的概念由伊力諾大學(xué) Mitchell博士的實(shí)驗(yàn)室于 1930年提出。 An optimum balance of amino acids 氨基酸之間的最佳平衡 Exactly in the proportions in which the amino acids are required by the pig 氨基酸之間的比例關(guān)系與豬所需要的氨基酸比例完全一致 Fully utilizable 可被完全利用 A balance that cannot be improved by addition or substitution 這種平衡不能通過(guò)添加或替代而改善 From: . Fuller, Rowett Res. Inst. Variations on Ideal Protein 各種理想蛋白質(zhì) Amino Acid Patterns, % of Diet Item Illinois Final Protein Illinois Ideal protein Wang amp。 Fuller Protein NRC (1989) Protein Lysine .600 .600 .600 .600 Arginine .290 .250 .250 .250 Histidine .185 .190 .190 .155 Tryptophan .095 .110 .110 .110 Isoleucine .390 .360 .360 .335 Leucine .600 .600 .660 .445 Valine .415 .410 .450 .355 Phe + Tyr .570 .570 .720 .485 DLMet + Cys .420 .360 .380 .310 Threonine .390 .390 .430 .355 Proline .200 .200 .200 .200 Glycine .600 .600 .600 .600 Lglutamate . Chung and Baker, 1992 Growth Response to Different Amino Acid Patterns 不同氨基酸模型的生長(zhǎng)反應(yīng) Item Amino Acid Pattern, % of Diet Illinois final protein Illinois ideal protein Wang amp。 Fuller Ideal protein NRC (1988) Protein Gain, g/d 219 274 235 206 Feed, g/d 553 640 570 501 Gain/feed 396 428 412 411 Chung and Baker (1992) Digestible Ideal Amino Acid Patterns for Pigs 豬的可消化理想氨基酸模型 Amino acid Ideal AA Pattern, % of Lysine 1020 kg 2050 kg 50110 kg Lysine 100 100 100 Arginine 42 30 18 Histidine 32 32 32 Tryptophan 17 12 19 Isoleucine 60 60 60 Leucine 100 100 100 Valine 68 68 68 Phe + Tyr 95 95 95 Met + Cys 60 62 64 Threonine 65 67 70 From Baker (1997) Utilization 利 用 The pig cannot absorb intact proteins, except just after birth. Proteins are broken down by enzymes in the small intestine and individual amino acids are absorbed. 除非剛出生，否則豬不能吸收完整蛋白質(zhì)。蛋白質(zhì)在小腸被酶降解，以個(gè)別氨基酸的形式被吸收 AVAILABILITY the portion of the chemically present amino acids that are used for growth 利用率－ 用于生長(zhǎng)的氨基酸占攝入氨基酸的百分比 DIGESTIBILITY the portion of the chemically present amino acid that disappears in the small intestine. 消化率－ 在小腸被吸收的氨基酸占攝入氨基酸的百分比 Not all amino acids in the diet are absorbed, not all amino acids that are absorbed are used for protein synthesis. 日糧中并非所有 氨基酸都能被吸收，并非所有被吸收的氨基酸都能用于蛋白質(zhì)合成 Definitions 定 義 Apparent amino acid digestibility (Amino acid consumed / amino acid passed from ileum) x 100 氨基酸表觀消化率 ，（采食的氨基酸 / 經(jīng)過(guò)回腸的氨基酸 ） 100 True amino acid digestibility [amino acid consumed / (amino acid passed from ileum－endogenous secretions)] x 100 氨基酸真實(shí)消化率， [ 采食的氨基酸 / （經(jīng)過(guò)回腸的氨基酸－體內(nèi)分泌的氨基酸） ] 100 From Kidder and Manners (1978) Some Apparent Ileal Digestibilities, % 某些回腸表觀消化率 Feedstuff 原料 Lysine Tryptophan Threonine Barley 大麥 73 73 70 Blood meal 血粉 81 5 Canola meal 雙低菜粕 75 67 Yellow corn 黃玉米 80 70 73 Fish meal 魚粉 80 76 Oats (grain) 燕麥 58 59 53 Peanut meal 花生粕 79 Shum grain 高粱 80 75 73 Soybean meal Hipro 85 78 74 Soybean meal 豆粕 87 81 77 Sunflower meal 葵花粕 72 71 Wheat 小麥 80 78 74 NRC, 1998 高蛋白豆粕 True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibilities 回腸氨基酸真實(shí)消化率 (Bellaver, 1989) Amino acid Corn Wheat Mids Soybean meal Cotton seed meal Poultry byproduct meal Meat and bone meal Arg His Ile Leu Lys SAA Phe Thr Trp Val Lab Tests for Digestibility 消化率的實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)定 FDNB 2,4 flurodinitrobenzene (Carpenter method) FDNB binds with the epsilon amino group of lysine, if it is not bound to some other moiety, to form a color. It is assumed that nonbound amino nitrogen is correlated with higher digestibility. 2,4 氟二氮苯（卡本特法）， FDNB與賴氨酸分子中未與其它基團(tuán)結(jié)合的 186。 氨基結(jié)合，產(chǎn)生顏色反應(yīng)。據(jù)認(rèn)為未被結(jié)合的氨基氮與較高的消化率有關(guān)。 Pepsin digestibility Incubate a sample of feed with pepsin and monitor nitrogen release. 胃蛋白酶消化率－將飼料樣品與胃蛋白酶共同培養(yǎng)，檢測(cè)氮的釋放量。 Time, hours 時(shí)間，小時(shí) Lab Tests for Digestibility 消化率的實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)定 Multienzyme assay
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